where do most slips and trips on stairs occur

• Weill Cornell Medicine

Slips, Trips, and Falls: Understanding, Preventing, and Mitigating Risks

By Gian Joseph, Safety Advisor

As we enter the rainy and cold season, we face several risks , which include slips , trips, and fall s in our day-to-day activities. It is important t o be aware of hazards around us and learn how to properly identify and assess any risks with each step.  

Slips, trips, and falls (STFs) are common accidents that can lead to severe injuries. These incidents occur in various settings, from homes and workplaces to public spaces , and i t is essential to understand the causes, consequences, and , most importantly, strategies for prevention and mitigation.   

1. Understanding the Dynamics of STFs. STFs are caused by the following .  

Insu fficient friction between the shoe and the walking surface. Common causes include wet or greasy floors, spills, and loose debris (Slip and Fall Accidents, 2021).  

When a person's foot collides with an object or an uneven surface, it caus es them to lose balance. Typical trip hazards include cluttered walkways, electrical cords, uneven flooring, and damaged or upturned mats (Slip and Fall Accidents, 2021).  

2. The Impact of STFs  

Slips, trips, and falls have far-reaching effects, affecting individuals and society . Personal i njuries range from minor cuts , bruises, sprains , and abrasions to fractures, dislocations, and head injuries (National Safety Council, 2021). The medical expenses associated with treating STF-related injuries can be substantial , including hospital stays, surgeries, rehabilitation, and ongoing care (National Safety Council, 2021). STFs can result in missed workdays and reduced productivity for both individuals and employers. Workers' compensation claims and absenteeism contribute to economic costs (National Safety Council, 2021). Lastly, t he physical and psychological consequences of STFs can limit mobility, independence, and overall quality of life, especially among older adults ( Sahyoun et al., 2020).  

3. Prevention and Mitigation Strategies  

Preventing and mitigating STFs involves a combination of awareness, environmental modifications, and education . H ere are some ways you can take precaution s against STFs in your daily activities;  

Clear Pathways: Maintain clear, unobstructed walkways by removing clutter and tripping hazards such as cords, toys, and loose rugs (Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA], 2002).  

Adequate Lighting: Ensure proper lighting in all areas, both indoors and outdoors, to improve visibility and reduce the risk of tripping over obstacles (OSHA, 2002).  

Slip-Resistant Flooring: Install slip-resistant flooring materials, especially in areas prone to moisture, like bathrooms and kitchens (OSHA, 2002).  

Footwear: Encourage the use of proper footwear with good traction, especially in environments where slip hazards are prevalent ( Sahyoun et al., 2020).  

Handrails and Guardrails: Install and maintain handrails and guardrails on stairs, ramps, and elevated platforms to provide support and prevent falls (OSHA, 2002).  

Warning Signs: Use signage to alert individuals to potential hazards, such as wet floors or uneven surfaces (OSHA, 2002).  

Education and Training: Promote awareness and provide training to individuals on recognizing and avoiding STF hazards (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH], 2015).  

Workplace Safety: Employers should implement safety protocols and conduct risk assessments in the workplace, addressing potential STF risks (NIOSH, 2015).  

Regular Maintenance: Routinely inspect and maintain buildings, walkways, and outdoor areas to identify and address potential hazards promptly (NIOSH, 2015).  

4. A Holistic Approach to STF Prevention  

Preventing and mitigating STFs require a collaborative approach involving individuals, organizations, and communities:  

Individuals : Exercise caution when walking, especially in unfamiliar or potentially hazardous environments. Wear appropriate footwear and take your time, especially in wet or slippery conditions ( Sahyoun et al., 2020).  

Employers: Create a safe work environment by identifying and mitigating STF risks. Provide training to employees on safety protocols and the proper use of equipment (OSHA, 2002).  

Property Owners and Managers: Ensure properties are well-maintained and free from hazards. Regularly inspect and address issues promptly (NIOSH, 2015).  

Government and Local Authorities: Enforce building codes and regulations that promote safety, especially in public spaces and commercial buildings (OSHA, 2002).  

Conclusion  

Slips, trips, and falls are preventable accidents that carry substantial personal, economic, and societal costs. By comprehending the causes, consequences, and prevention strategies, we can significantly reduce the incidence of STFs and mitigate their impact. Whether at home, at work, or in public spaces, prioritizing safety and fostering awareness about STFs is crucial for the well-being of individuals and communities. Let us strive collectively to create environments where everyone can move safely and confidently, free from the fear of falling.  

References:  

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2015). Preventing Slips, Trips, and Falls in Wholesale and Retail Trade Establishments. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2015-100/pdfs/2015-100.pdf  

National Safety Council. (2021). Injury Facts. https://injuryfacts.nsc.org/work/overview/work-safety-introduction/work-...  

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (2002). OSHA Publication 3151-12R. Preventing Slips, Trips, and Falls in Wholesale and Retail Trade Establishments. https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3151.pdf  

Sahyoun , N. R., Pratt, L. A., & Lentzner , H. (2020). The Changing Profile of Nursing Home Residents: 1985-1997. Journal of Aging and Health, 12(3), 336-363.  

Slip and Fall Accidents. (2021). InjuryClaimCoach.com. https://www.injuryclaimcoach.com/slip-and-fall-accidents.html  

Please note that the sources cited are accurate as of the time of writing this article. For the most current information, consult authoritative sources and local health authorities.  

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Facts About Falls

Each year, millions of older people—those 65 and older—fall. In fact, more than one out of four older people falls each year, 1 but less than half tell their doctor. 2 Falling once doubles your chances of falling again. 3

Falls Are Serious and Costly

• One out of five falls causes a serious injury such as broken bones or a head injury. 4,5
• Each year, 3 million older people are treated in emergency departments for fall injuries. 6
• Over 800,000 patients a year are hospitalized because of a fall injury, most often because of a head injury or hip fracture. 6
• Each year at least 300,000 older people are hospitalized for hip fractures. 7
• More than 95% of hip fractures are caused by falling, 8 usually by falling sideways. 9
• Falls are the most common cause of traumatic brain injuries (TBI). 10
• In 2015, the total medical costs for falls totaled more than $50 billion. 11 Medicare and Medicaid shouldered 75% of these costs.

What Can Happen After a Fall?

Many falls do not cause injuries. But one out of five falls does cause a serious injury such as a broken bone or a head injury. 4,5 These injuries can make it hard for a person to get around, do everyday activities, or live on their own.

• Falls can cause broken bones, like wrist, arm, ankle, and hip fractures.
• Falls can cause head injuries. These can be very serious, especially if the person is taking certain medicines (like blood thinners). An older person who falls and hits their head should see their doctor right away to make sure they don’t have a brain injury.
• Many people who fall, even if they’re not injured, become afraid of falling. This fear may cause a person to cut down on their everyday activities. When a person is less active, they become weaker and this increases their chances of falling. 12

What Conditions Make You More Likely to Fall?

Research has identified many conditions that contribute to falling. These are called risk factors. Many risk factors can be changed or modified to help prevent falls. They include:

• Lower body weakness
• Vitamin D deficiency (that is, not enough vitamin D in your system)
• Difficulties with walking and balance
• Use of medicines, such as tranquilizers, sedatives, or antidepressants. Even some over-the-counter medicines can affect balance and how steady you are on your feet.
• Vision problems
• Foot pain or poor footwear
• broken or uneven steps, and
• throw rugs or clutter that can be tripped over.

Most falls are caused by a combination of risk factors. The more risk factors a person has, the greater their chances of falling.

Healthcare providers can help cut down a person’s risk by reducing the fall risk factors listed above.

Falls can be prevented. These are some simple things you can do to keep yourself from falling.

Talk to Your Doctor

• Ask your doctor or healthcare provider to evaluate your risk for falling and talk with them about specific things you can do.
• Ask your doctor or pharmacist to review your medicines to see if any might make you dizzy or sleepy. This should include prescription medicines and over-the counter medicines.
• Ask your doctor or healthcare provider about taking vitamin D supplements.

Do Strength and Balance Exercises

Do exercises that make your legs stronger and improve your balance. Tai Chi is a good example of this kind of exercise.

Have Your Eyes Checked

Have your eyes checked by an eye doctor at least once a year, and be sure to update your eyeglasses if needed.

If you have bifocal or progressive lenses, you may want to get a pair of glasses with only your distance prescription for outdoor activities, such as walking. Sometimes these types of lenses can make things seem closer or farther away than they really are.

Make Your Home Safer

• Get rid of things you could trip over.
• Add grab bars inside and outside your tub or shower and next to the toilet.
• Put railings on both sides of stairs.
• Make sure your home has lots of light by adding more or brighter light bulbs.

For more information about how you can prevent falls, check out some of our online STEADI resources for older adults.

These resources include:

• Stay Independent Brochure
• What You Can Do to Prevent Falls Brochure
• Check for Safety Brochure
• Postural Hypotension Brochure
• Chair Rise Exercise
• Costs of Falls Among Older Adults
• Hip Fractures Among Older Adults
• CDC Compendium of Effective Fall Interventions: What Works for Community-Dwelling Older Adults, 4th Edition
• Preventing Falls: A Guide to Implementing Effective Community-Based Fall Prevention Programs
• Publications and Resources
• Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths & Injuries (STEADI)
• Bergen G, Stevens MR, Burns ER. Falls and Fall Injuries Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years — United States, 2014.  MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;65:993–998. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6537a2
• Stevens JA, Ballesteros MF, Mack KA, Rudd RA, DeCaro E, Adler G. Gender differences in seeking care for falls in the aged Medicare Population. Am J Prev Med 2012;43:59–62.
• O’Loughlin J et al. Incidence of and risk factors for falls and injurious falls among the community-dwelling elderly. American journal of epidemiology, 1993, 137:342-54.
• Alexander BH, Rivara FP, Wolf ME. The cost and frequency of hospitalization for fall–related injuries in older adults. American Journal of Public Health 1992;82(7):1020–3.
• Sterling DA, O’Connor JA, Bonadies J. Geriatric falls: injury severity is high and disproportionate to mechanism. Journal of Trauma–Injury, Infection and Critical Care 2001;50(1):116–9.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web–based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS)  [online]. Accessed August 5, 2016.
• Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). 2012. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://hcupnet.ahrq.gov . Accessed 5 August 2016.
• Hayes WC, Myers ER, Morris JN, Gerhart TN, Yett HS, Lipsitz LA. Impact near the hip dominates fracture risk in elderly nursing home residents who fall. Calcif Tissue Int 1993;52:192-198.
• Parkkari J, Kannus P, Palvanen M, Natri A, Vainio J, Aho H, Vuori I, Järvinen M. Majority of hip fractures occur as a result of a fall and impact on the greater trochanter of the femur: a prospective controlled hip fracture study with 206 consecutive patients. Calcif Tissue Int, 1999;65:183–7.
• Jager TE, Weiss HB, Coben JH, Pepe PE. Traumatic brain injuries evaluated in U.S. emergency departments, 1992–1994. Academic Emergency Medicine 2000&359;7(2):134–40.
• Florence CS, Bergen G, Atherly A, Burns ER, Stevens JA, Drake C. Medical Costs of Fatal and Nonfatal Falls in Older Adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2018 March, DOI:10.1111/jgs.15304
• Vellas BJ, Wayne SJ, Romero LJ, Baumgartner RN, Garry PJ. Fear of falling and restriction of mobility in elderly fallers. Age and Ageing 1997;26:189–193.

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Posted on: February 22, 2023

Slips, Trips, and Falls: Preventing Workplace Trip Hazards

When you think of a workplace accident, you probably think of something dramatic – an explosion or an amputation, for example.

But the second-most common cause of workplace injury is a trip or slip hazard that leads to a fall. And 20-30% of workplace falls result in a moderate or severe injury like deep bruising, broken bones, or concussions.

In fact, according to OSHA, slips, trips, and falls cause nearly 700 workplace fatalities per year – that's 15% of all workplace deaths.

The trouble is that the circumstances that lead to slips and trips tend to be spontaneous and changeable – they don't exist until suddenly they do. That means preventing slips, trips, and falls is an ongoing process that relies heavily on employees being able to recognize related hazards.

What Are OSHA's Trip Hazard Regulations?

OSHA's primary standard for slip, trip, and fall hazards is the General Industry Walking-Working Surface standard (29 CFR 1910 Subpart D, which includes §1910.21-30).

Related Construction Industry standards are scattered throughout §1926, including Subparts C, L, M, and X. However, OSHA's 2017 slip, trip, and fall revisions aligned Construction standards with General Industry wherever possible.

Finally, some specific slip, trip, and fall OSHA regulations ensure a safe exit route from any workplace. After all, the last thing you want during an emergency evacuation is a bottleneck at the exit. These Means of Egress regulations are found under §1910.36-37.

Walking and Working Surfaces

Definitions related to slips, trips, and falls.

The temporary nature of an OSHA tripping hazard makes a clear set of definitions even more critical.

What is a Walking-Working Surface?

When you first see the name of OSHA's main trip and slip hazard, you may wonder what a "walking-working surface" is.

But it's just a surface you walk on…or work on. Walking-working surfaces include floors, aisles, stairs, platforms, and more.

Slips vs. Trips

Slips and trips can lead to falls, but there's a pretty clear distinction between the two.

A slip happens when there's insufficient traction between your foot and the walking-working surface, causing a sudden loss of balance.

A trip happens when your leg or foot comes into contact with a hazard (either an object or an uneven surface) that arrests the movement of your lower body while momentum carries your upper body forward.

What are the Two Types of Falls?

A fall happens when your center of gravity shifts unexpectedly, but for workplace safety purposes, falls are divided into two different categories: same-level falls and elevated falls.

An elevated fall is when someone falls from one level to another, like from a ladder, scaffold, building, or through an opening in the floor.

A same-level fall is when someone falls to the floor they're standing on or against a nearby object or wall.

What are Examples of Slipping and Tripping Hazards?

There are many factors that can contribute to the likelihood of a slip or trip. Many slip or trip hazards are substances or objects that make a walking-working surface dangerous, but footwear and environmental conditions also play a part.

Examples of Slip Hazards

Basically, anything that decreases the amount of friction between your foot and the walking surface increases the risk of slipping.

This includes:

• Water, ice, snow, mud, grease, oil, food, or other wet products on smooth floors
• Dust, powders, plastic wrapping, granules, or other dry products that are slippery on smooth floors
• Freshly waxed surfaces
• Highly polished surfaces that remain slick when dry (like concrete, marble, or ceramic)
• Loose or irregular surfaces like gravel or unanchored flooring
• Sloped walking surfaces without slip- or skid-resistance
• Muddy terrain
• Wet or dry leaves, pine needles, or plant debris
• Shoes with inadequate traction
• Soles that are wet, muddy, or greasy

As you can see, slip hazards can be found indoors or outdoors.

Workplace Trip Hazard Examples

Officially, OSHA's trip hazard height is a quarter inch. Any change in floor level that is ¼ inch or more constitutes a tripping hazard.

Examples of common tripping hazards include:

• Uncovered hoses, cables, wires, or cords across walking surfaces
• Obstacles or clutter on walking surfaces
• Furniture drawers/door left open
• Unmarked steps or ramps
• Damaged or irregular steps
• Rumpled carpets or mats (or curled edges)
• Thresholds, gaps, and other irregularities in walking surfaces
• Speed bumps and curb drops

Other factors can also contribute to the likelihood that you'll trip, including lack of coordination or an obstructed view of the walking surface. Many circumstances can contribute, including:

• Being under the influence
• Poor air quality
• Poor lighting
• Bulky loads
• Poor vision

Slips, Trips, and Falls Prevention

Some slip, trip, and fall prevention measures are permanent, including:

• Adequate lighting
• Slip-resistant surfaces in high-risk areas
• Effective drainage, ventilation, and other methods to keep surfaces dry
• Marking the edges of steps or elevation changes

Other methods for preventing slips, trips, and falls require ongoing participation from workers, including:

• Proper footwear
• Safe work practices
• Frequent cleaning
• Good housekeeping practices that keep walkways free of clutter
• Noticing and marking slip or trip hazards

As a result, a lot of slip, trip, and fall prevention relies on the ability of your workforce to recognize slipping and tripping hazards, understand how to mitigate them, and know how to use safe work practices to minimize their risk.

Even though there's no formal OSHA requirement for Slip, Trip, and Fall training, workers need education and regular refreshers in OSHA trip hazards and regulations to accomplish all of this correctly.

One of the easiest and most effective ways to keep your workforce fresh on this topic is to use online courses from an OSHA-authorized training provider like us. We have a Walking and Working Surface course that your employees can take at their own convenience and pace. Get started today!

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Prevention of Slips, Trips and Falls

On this page, how do falls happen, how to prevent falls due to slips and trips, what can you do to avoid falling at work.

Statistics show that the majority (67%) of falls happen on the same level resulting from slips and trips. The remaining 30% are falls from a height. This document will summarize information on "falls on the same level" (slips and trips). Falls from an elevation, such as falls from ladders, roofs, down stairs or from jumping to a lower level, etc., is discussed in other documents since each type of fall must be assessed as part of a fall prevention program .

Slips happen where there is too little friction or traction between the footwear and the walking surface. Common causes of slips are:

• wet or oily surfaces
• occasional spills
• weather hazards
• loose, unanchored rugs or mats
• flooring or other walking surfaces that do not have the same degree of traction in all areas

Trips happen when your foot collides (strikes, hits) an object causing you to lose balance and, eventually fall. Common causes of tripping are:

• obstructed view
• poor lighting
• clutter in your way
• wrinkled carpeting
• uncovered cables
• bottom drawers not being closed
• uneven (steps, thresholds) walking surfaces

Both slips and trips result from unintended or unexpected change in the contact between the feet and the ground or walking surface. This fact shows that good housekeeping, quality of walking surfaces (flooring), selection of proper footwear, and appropriate pace of walking are critical for preventing fall incidents.

Housekeeping

Good housekeeping is the first and the most important (fundamental) level of preventing falls due to slips and trips. It includes:

• cleaning all spills immediately
• marking spills and wet areas
• mopping or sweeping debris from floors
• removing obstacles from walkways and always keeping walkways free of clutter
• securing (tacking, taping, etc.) mats, rugs and carpets that do not lay flat
• always closing file cabinet or storage drawers
• covering cables that cross walkways
• keeping working areas and walkways well lit
• replacing used light bulbs and faulty switches

Without good housekeeping practices, any other preventive measures such as installation of sophisticated flooring, specialty footwear or training on techniques of walking and safe falling will never be fully effective.

For more information about effective housekeeping, visit the OSH Answers document on Workplace Housekeeping - Basic Guide .

Changing or modifying walking surfaces is the next level of preventing slip and trips. Recoating or replacing floors, installing mats, pressure-sensitive abrasive strips or abrasive-filled paint-on coating and metal or synthetic decking can further improve safety and reduce the risk of falling. However, it is critical to remember that high-tech flooring requires good housekeeping as much as any other flooring. In addition, resilient, non-slippery flooring prevents or reduces foot fatigue and contributes to slip-prevention measures.

In workplaces where floors may be oily or wet or where workers spend considerable time outdoors, prevention of fall incidents should focus on selecting proper footwear. Since there is no footwear with anti-slip properties for every condition, consultation with manufacturers is highly recommended.

Properly fitting footwear increases comfort and prevents fatigue which, in turn, improves safety for the employee. For more information on footwear visit the OSH Answers document on Safety Footwear .

You can reduce the risk of slipping on wet flooring by:

• taking your time and paying attention to where you are going
• adjusting your stride to a pace that is suitable for the walking surface and the tasks you are doing
• walking with the feet pointed slightly outward
• making wide turns at corners

You can reduce the risk of tripping by:

• keeping walking areas clear from clutter or obstructions
• keeping flooring in good condition
• always using installed light sources that provide sufficient light for your tasks
• using a flashlight if you enter a dark room where there is no light
• making sure that things you are carrying or pushing do not prevent you from seeing any obstructions, spills, etc.
• Fact sheet last revised: 2023-03-28

Common Triggers of Slips, Trips, and Falls – And How To Avoid Them

Slips, trips, and falls are some of the most common causes of workplace injuries in the US, accounting for over 8 million emergency room treatments every year. While not all these incidents are severe, some will have serious consequences, such as bruises, strains, sprains, fractures, and head injuries.

In many cases, a slip or fall can make it difficult for you to move around, do everyday activities, or live as independently as you used to. It could even force you to take a few days or weeks off work, which will affect your income and productivity. 

“Slips, trips, and falls can be frustrating, embarrassing, painful, and costly to you and your family. These accidents often leave victims hospitalized for days or weeks while the utility bills, medical bills, and other expenses collect at your doorstep,” says Alex Bouganim and Joseph Capetola, slip and fall lawyers in NYC . 

What To Do If You Slip, Trip, Or Fall

Sometimes, no matter how careful you are, accidents can still happen, and it is crucial that you know what to do in this kind of situation so you can manage it in the best way possible. One of the first steps is to immediately seek medical attention, especially if the fall was quite hard and you are feeling pain anywhere in your body. 

Injuries may not always be apparent, and a doctor can help determine specific problems and recommend the proper treatment. Aside from this, a trip to the doctor can help establish credibility if you decide to file a personal injury case or claim compensation against whoever was liable for the accident.

However, if you experience difficulty moving around, do not force yourself to get up right away and look for someone to help you instead. For severe trauma or injury, it is best to call an ambulance and stay in place until they arrive since any sudden movement could aggravate the damage to your body. 

Finally, remember to report the incident to the property owner or manager or get someone to do it for you if you cannot move around freely, and make sure that there is proper documentation to help you establish evidence when you claim compensation. It is also a good idea to consult with a legal expert for specific guidance on what to do after a slip and fall accident since the actual steps to do may vary depending on the location and circumstances of the accident. 

Common Causes And How To Avoid Them

Awareness is vital in preventing you from becoming a victim of these accidents. When you know the causes of slips, trips, and falls, it becomes easier to avoid them and you can even prevent them from happening to others. Take a look at these common triggers of slips, trips, and falls and what you can do about them:

1. Poor Lighting

Poor lighting can make it difficult to see hazards and other dangers, such as stairs, curbs, or wet and slippery surfaces, increasing your risk of slipping or falling. If you have poor vision, this is even more of a problem because the dim and dark surroundings can hide any obstructions in your path and prevent you from taking evasive action to avoid getting tripped.

To prevent slip and fall accidents due to poor lighting, ensure that all walkways are well-lit, especially in areas with high foot traffic or potential hazards. Install adequate lighting sources, such as overhead lighting or task lighting in darker areas, and immediately replace light bulbs when they burn out. 

2. Slippery Or Uneven Surfaces

One of the most common triggers of slips, trips, and falls are slippery or uneven surfaces because they can cause you to lose your footing easily. These are often caused by ice, snow, water, oil or grease, sand, mud or dirt, loose gravels or stones, and man-made causes like waxed floors, which could become slippery due to spills or leaks. 

Fortunately, there are many ways you can avoid falling victim to these triggers, and wearing proper footwear is at the top of the list. Shoes with good traction and non-slip soles can help prevent slips and falls, while smooth or worn-out soles can increase your risk. Take extra precautions by immediately cleaning up any spills or wet areas, using non-slip mats in areas prone to getting wet, such as bathrooms or kitchens, and being careful when walking on freshly cleaned or waxed floors. 

3. Mats And Rugs

When not correctly displayed or maintained, mats and rugs can result in a slip or trip, especially for an unsuspecting passerby. For example, curled-up edges or lumps in the middle of a rug could entangle your feet and cause you to lose your balance. It is also highly possible for a loose and unsecured rug to slip out of place right when you step on it, leading to a nasty fall and an injury. 

To prevent rugs and mats from becoming a tripping hazard, ensure they are properly secured and maintained. Regularly inspect them for signs of wear and tear, and immediately replace any rugs that are frayed, have holes, or are lumped in certain parts. Keep them completely flat, with no bumps or curls on the edges, and use non-slip pads underneath so they stay firmly in place.

4. Excessive Clutter

Aside from being a tripping hazard, clutter can also cause fires, which is why it is essential to do regular housekeeping to prevent these incidents from occurring. Excessive clutter like books, shoes, toys, cords, loose rugs, and stacks of newspapers on the floor create environmental hazards that impede movement and result in blockages that hinder people from walking safely.

You can minimize the occurrence of these incidents by making sure that all walkways, hallways, and stairways are always clear of clutter. Keep your space organized, secure loose cords, and use storage solutions such as shelves, cabinets, or drawers to keep items off the floors and tables. 

5. Uneven Or Poorly Built Stairs

Stairs that are damaged or not built according to safety standards can lead to serious injuries, especially if you fall from a higher level. This includes stairways with no handrails covered in dirt and debris or have broken, loose, uneven, or missing steps. Aside from these, obstructions like boxes or clutter on the steps can also cause people to trip and fall.

You can reduce the risk of slipping firstly by ensuring that your stairs are built according to strict guidelines , with the stair slope maximum range being from 30 to 50 degrees. As an additional preventive measure, you can install non-slip surfaces on the stairs, such as rubber or slip-resistant paint, and ensure that stairways are well-lit and have a clear path by removing any items left on the steps like shoes or work equipment that can create potential hazards. Carpeted stairs should also be in good condition with no noticeable deterioration, excessive wear, or missing treads.

The post Common Triggers of Slips, Trips, and Falls – And How To Avoid Them appeared first on What's Trending .

Avoiding Slips, Trips, & Falls

FAQSlipTrip

Slips, Trips, and Falls

They can result from sitting in a chair improperly, walking without adequate lights, or falling over a box or off a ladder. Hazards that can lead to slips, trips, and falls are often overlooked even though they cause many injuries, ranging from minor cuts and sprains to disabling injuries. Although slip, trip, and fall hazards are easily created, they are also easy to correct. Be a “hazard look-out” to recognize and correct hazards quickly, before the next person becomes a victim.

Slip Hazards

A slip occurs when there is too little friction or traction between the footwear and the walking surface. Some common causes of slips are:

• slippery floor surfaces
• liquid, moisture, or ice on the floor
• food, trash, or small objects on the floor
• oil or grease on the floor
• footwear that does not have nonskid soles.

Trip Hazards

A trip occurs when a person’s foot contacts an object or drops to a lower level unexpectedly and the person is thrown off balance. Some of the more common causes of tripping are:

• furniture that creates obstacles
• materials stored in passageways, aisles, and stairways
• electrical or telephone cords that cross passageways and aisles
• hazardous floor conditions such as protruding nails, holes, or loose boards
• loose, ripped, or bunched carpets and rugs
• desk or file cabinet drawers left open when they are no longer being used
• objects protruding into passageways and aisles
• floor level changes or hidden steps that may not be obvious
• unsafe stairway conditions or use
• elevator cars that do not level off at the same height of the floor where the elevator stopped
• insufficient lighting for walking or working areas.

Fall Hazards

In addition to falls as a result of slips and trips, you may be injured if you fall from an elevation. Some causes of falls are:

• using “makeshift” items (boxes, buckets, chairs, etc.) to gain more height
• not sitting on “4- square” of their chairs
• carrying large or too many items that prevents seeing where you are going
• jumping from one level to another.

Preventing Injuries

Good housekeeping is one of the most important methods for preventing falls due to slips and trips. It includes:

• cleaning up all spills immediately,
• marking spills and wet areas,
• mopping or sweeping debris from floors,
• removing obstacles from walkways and always keeping them free of clutter,
• securing (tacking, taping, etc.) mats, rugs and carpets that do not lay flat,
• always closing file cabinet or storage drawers,
• covering cables that cross walkways,
• keeping working areas and walkways well lit,
• replacing burned out light bulbs and faulty switches.

Without good housekeeping practices, any other preventive measures such as installation of sophisticated flooring, specialty footwear or training on techniques of walking and safe falling will never be fully effective.

Walking on Slippery Surfaces

• Take small steps-shorter than your foot length-to keep your center of balance under you.
• Walk with your toes pointed outward-which provides a wider, more stable base of support for maintaining balance.
• Turn gradually-a sharp turn results in a sideways force that can cause loss of balance and a fall.
• Keep both hands free for balance, rather than in your pockets.
• Wear shoes with slip-resistant soles, or studded shoe pullovers for walking on icy surfaces.
• Use sidewalks/walkways that have been cleared of ice and snow.

Using the Stairs

• Use the handrail from start to finish.
• Avoid carrying loads on stairways-or only carry loads that you can see over.
• Keep your eyes on where you’re going and descend stairs slowly to keep your balance and identify tripping hazards.
• Test potentially slippery stairs by tapping them with your foot.
• Going up or down, keep weight on your back leg until your front foot is safely on the next step. This maintains your center of gravity.

Most slips and trips can be prevented if you know what to look for and take action to reduce the risk and eliminate the hazards before someone is injured. If you don’t, the result can be potentially serious workers’ compensation injuries and costly lawsuits.

Getting Assistance

For more information about preventing slips, trips, and falls, contact Environmental Health & Safety at 335-3041.

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Blog / May 16, 2016

3 Big Causes of Slips, Trips and Falls

This is an excerpt from our free guide on preventing slips, trips and falls .

A 2014 survey of 1,294 safety professionals revealed the most frequent factors in slip, trip and fall incidents at their workplaces—and a whopping 95% of respondents cited one of three causes.

The main characteristic the three biggest causes have in common is they’re the result of the errors or errors in judgement that people make every day, like how tidy to keep their work area, whether to report a wet surface or debris that could be a trip hazard, how fast to walk, and whether to move blindly around corners. People tend to perceive these hazards (and especially hu­man factors) as being a lot less risky than they actually are, which makes it challenging to find effective and permanent solutions.

Because these factors require constant attention, they can be avoided entirely (or made worse) by employees’ mental states throughout the day.

One step at a time

Most safety programs focus on the physical hazards of slips, trips and falls, like the conditions of commonly used areas such as a well-traveled walking surface, stairway or ladder. Fall hazards should always be your first priority, but you can’t eliminate injuries caused by slips, trips and falls by only dealing with physical factors.

The truth is that many slips, trips and falls are caused  or made worse by a person’s state of mind. When we’re rushing, frustrated, tired or complacent we tend to make errors and decisions that increase the chance of injury.

Nobody chooses to slip and fall. But no matter how effective the rest of your safety program is, your employees have a higher risk of injury due to a slip, trip or fall when they’re in one of these four states.

If you’ve done everything you can to minimize physicals hazards, your next step in preventing slips, trips and falls is clear: you need to address human factors.

Discover how to address human factors in your slips, trips and falls prevention efforts by downloading Solving Slips, Trips and Falls Once and For All: A guide to addressing the physical and human factors in slips, trips and falls  for free.

On-demand webinar

Slips, Trips and Falls: Balancing Human and Physical Causes

Are you overlooking hidden risk factors of slips, trips and falls? Do you know how to reduce inattention blindness? This presentation covers most common elements missing from the majority of slip, trip and fall prevention efforts—and lets you know what you can do to keep workers on their feet.

Tagged Slips Trips and Falls

11 Safety Tips for Preventing Slips Trips & Falls in the Workplace

• October 13, 2021

Preventing slips, trips, and falls in the workplace should be a priority for every company. According to the National Safety Council , slips, trips and falls are the second leading cause of injuries involving days away from work. Each year, nearly 250,000 employees miss an average of 13 days of work from sprains, strains, and tears resulting from these accidents.

How to prevent slips, trips, and falls in the workplace

It’s easy to slip, trip, or fall while at work for any number of reasons. However, slip, trip, and falls prevention measures can be relatively simple to implement. The list below describes how to prevent slips, trips, and falls in the workplace.

• Establish a risk assessment plan
• Install stair treads
• Maintain clean and dry walking surfaces
• Provide floor markings
• Utilize warning signs
• Remove obstacles
• Provide adequate lighting
• Insist on correct footwear
• Repair uneven or damaged walkways
• Ensure staircases have proper handrails

1. Establish a risk assessment plan: the key to slips, trips and fall prevention

2. Install stair treads

Many slips, trips, and falls at work happen on stairs. To increase traction and reduce the potential for accidents, stair treads can be covered with a light-weight, bolt-on tread cover with a permanent, abrasive polyurethane coating. Installing outdoor non-slip stair treads, such a diamond plate, bar grating and grip treads, can also provide a safer walking surface to prevent people from falling down stairs.

3. Maintain clean and dry walking surfaces for ultimate slip prevhttps://www.lapeyrestair.com/products/additional-products/nonslip-treadsention

Good housekeeping practices can go a long way in combating slips, trip and falls in the workplace. Wet, dusty or debris covered floors have less traction than clean and dry ones and are, therefore, more likely to result in slips, trips and falls. Mopping up spills immediately and sweeping up regularly can help prevent mishaps.

Outdoor walking surfaces, such as sidewalks and parking lots, can also be hazardous if not maintained properly. For slip prevention, these surfaces should be cleaned up after rain to remove wet leaves, branches or other debris that can cause slips, trips and falls. Snow and ice, which can make for especially treacherous footing, should be treated or removed as soon as possible.

4. Provide floor markings

Visual signals, such as floor markings, can direct workers around hazardous areas where they may be prone to slips, trips and falls. While paint was widely used in the past for floor markings, floor tape is more commonly seen in the modern workplace. Floor tape is available in a variety of colors. Reflective floor tape can be key to avoiding slips, trips and falls in low light environments. Non-skid floor tape can help improve traction while marketing areas to avoid.

5. Utilize warning signs to indicate trip hazards

Like floor markings, warning signs can also be used to visually inform workers about potential slip, trip and fall dangers. Every workplace should have “Wet Floor” signs on hand to indicate wet areas that have just been mopped, equipment is leaking or moisture is being tracked in from outside. Other warning signs such as “Uneven Floors” or “Watch Your Step” can be used to warn workers to be cautious when approaching areas with uneven flooring or other trip hazards.

6. Remove obstacles to prevent trips at work

An easy way to help avoid slips and trips at work is to remove obstacles from the floor and make sure all pathways are clear. In office areas, briefcases, purses, boxes and files can cause slips, trips and falls if left on the floor. Electric cords, cables and wires can also be obstructions if not secured and tucked out of the way. In work areas, keep walking surfaces clear of materials and equipment to prevent slips, trips and falls.

7. Provide adequate lighting

It’s hard to avoid slip, trip and fall hazards in areas with poor lighting where workers can’t see where they are going. Adequate lighting in all areas of the workplace, inside and out, will help reduce the risk of accidents. A well-lit staircase can help prevent workers from falling down stairs , which can cause serious injuries. Make sure all hallways, walkways, sidewalks and work areas have sufficient lighting. Remind workers to turn on the lights before going into a dark area and be sure replace light bulbs in a timely manner.

8. Correct footwear assessment

Workplaces that require certain footwear as part of a dress code or safety shoes should be sure to enforce the policy to help avoid slips, trips, and falls. Even in office environments, shoes with slippery soles should be avoided to prevent accidents from occurring. Encourage all employees to wear proper footwear that provides sufficient traction to avoid slipping, tripping or falling on slick carpeting or wet surfaces.

9. Repair uneven or damaged walkways

Uneven walking surfaces in work environments can cause a slip, trip or fall hazard for employees when they are least expecting it. The same goes for sidewalks and parking lots with uneven surfaces or potholes. Be sure to repair any damaged walking surfaces as soon as possible to avoid both accidents and injuries.

10. Avoid improper use of ladders

Ladders are a leading cause of injuries and falls in the workplace. To address this issue, OSHA revised its Walking-Working Surfaces standards in 2017. Under these rules, fixed vertical ladders are not allowed to be used for routine operational use. Employees should not carry items up or down the ladder. Instead, standard stairways should be provided, and for tight spaces, alternating tread stairs are the safest way to access routine operations.

11. Ensure staircases have proper handrails

How slips, trips and falls occur

While the terms slips, trips and falls are often used interchangeably, they are actually three different types of workplace accidents. Slips occur when a person loses their balance or footing without coming into contact with an object. Trips happen when a worker’s foot, leg or body comes into contract with an object that causes them to lose their balance. Falls result in a person coming to rest accidentally on the floor or a lower level. Both slips and trips can cause falls, but falls can also result from missing handrails or guardrails.

What is the most common cause of slips, trips and falls?

A variety of obstacles and conditions can cause slips, trips and falls. Loss of traction, from conditions such a wet floors, ice or snow, is the leading cause of slips in the workplace. Most trips occur due to obstacles in the walkways. Falls can result from both trips and slips, but also from a lack of safety features on staircases and upper levels. Ladders account for the majority of falls from a lower level.

Why slip, trip and fall prevention is important

Slip, trip and fall prevention is vital to avoiding serious and costly injuries in the workplace. Approximately 25% of all reported workplace injuries are due to slips, trips and falls. Almost all of these workplace injuries can be prevented through proper design, use, and maintenance of walking surfaces.

Often these types of accidents often result in only minor injuries, such as scratches and bruises. However, more serious conditions, including broken bones and head injuries can also occur from slips, trips and falls. Not only do these accidents affect the health and wellness of workers, but they are also costly to employers. According to the 2019 Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index, slips trips and falls cost employers more than $17.5 billion a year.

Slip and fall prevention checklist

Slip and fall prevention in the workplace doesn’t have to be difficult or time consuming. Below are a few ways to ensure workplace safety every day.

• Keep floors and walking surfaces clean and dry
• Remove obstacles from walkways
• Use floor markings and warning signs to mark potential hazards
• Ensure all work areas and walkways have sufficient lighting.
• Repair uneven floors and walking surfaces immediately.
• Avoid ladders for routine operations.

Preventing slips and falls in the workplace: Key takeaways

The causes of slips, trips and falls in the workplace are many. However, most of these accidents can be avoided by taking steps to ensure worker safety. Preventing slips and falls in the workplace not only keeps employees safe but also saves companies the expense of paying for costly injuries.

Slip trip and fall safety FAQs

What height is a trip hazard.

As defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, a trip hazard is as any vertical change of over 1/4 inch or more at any joint or crack. Common trip hazards include clutter, cracks in concrete, and hoses, cables, or wires left in walkways.

What can improve traction on floors that are frequently wet?

Placing slip resistant floor mats on surfaces that are frequently wet can help improve traction. Also requiring workers to wear shoes with anti-slip soles will help improve traction on slippery surfaces. Installing anti-slip flooring like serrated bar grating can also help improve slip, trip and fall safety.

What is the difference between a slip and a trip?

A slip occurs when a person loses their balance without coming into contact with an object, while a trip happens when a person’s foot or leg contacts an item causing them to lose their balance. Slips are usually caused by slick surfaces, while trips are caused by protruding objects.

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Slip & Fall Quick Facts

The NFSI obtains up-to-date information on same level, slip and fall occurrences collected from a wide range of sources including governmental databases, private industry loss data, and insurance company loss data. Two helpful sites for up-to-date statistics are:

• Fall fatalities are nearly equally divided between men and women. However, more women will experience a slip-and-fall accident. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, falls accounted for 5% of the job-related fatalities for women compared to 11% for men.
• Falls account for over 8 million hospital emergency room visits, representing the leading cause of visits (21.3%). Slips and falls account for over 1 million visits, or 12% of total falls.
• Fractures are the most serious consequences of falls and occur in 5% of all people who fall.
• Slips and falls do not constitute a primary cause of fatal occupational injuries, but represent the primary cause of lost days from work.
• Slips and falls are the leading cause of workers’ compensation claims and are the leading cause of occupational injury for people aged 55 years and older. If you are thinking about making a workers’ compensation claim then you might want to take a look at using someone like the house of workers compensation lawyers to help you with your claim.
• According to the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), floors and flooring materials contribute directly to more than 2 million fall injuries each year.
• Half of all accidental deaths in the home are caused by a fall. Most fall injuries in the home happen at ground level, not from an elevation.
• Of all fractures from falls, hip fractures are the most serious and lead to the greatest health problems and number of deaths. The following statistics describe the slip-and-fall crisis affecting our nation’s elderly.
• Each year in the United States, one of every three persons over the age of 65 will experience a fall. Half of which are repeat fallers.
• According to the CDC In 2005, more than 15,000 people over the age of 65 died as a result of a fall. Up from 7,700 a decade earlier.
• The CDC also reports that approximately 1.8 million people over the age of 65 were treated in an emergency room as a result of a fall.
• For people aged 65-84 years, falls are the second leading cause of injury-related death; for those aged 85 years or older, falls are the leading cause of injury-related death.
• Incidence of falls goes up with each decade of life.
• Of all deaths associated with falls, 60% involve people aged 75 years or older.
• Falls account for 87% of all fractures among people over the age of 65 and are the second leading cause of spinal cord injuries and brain injury symptoms .
• Half of all elderly adults (over the age of 65) hospitalized for hip fractures cannot return home or live independently after the fracture.
• Falls represent 40% of all nursing home admissions and are the sixth leading cause of death among people aged 70 years or older.
• Over 60% of nursing homes residents will fall each year.
• According to The National Institute on Aging, every year 30% of people over the age of 65 will sustain a fall, of which 10% will result in a serious injury.
• 67% of fall fatalities are among people aged 75 years or older.
• People over the age of 85 are 10-15 times more likely to experience a hip fracture than are people aged 60-65 years.
• 85% of worker’s compensation claims are attributed to employees slipping on slick floors (Industrial Safety & Occupational Health Markets 5th edition)
• 22% of slip/fall incidents resulted in more than 31 days away from work (US Bureau of Labor Statistics (2002).
• Compensation & medical costs associated with employee slip/fall accidents is approximately $70 billion annually (National Safety Council Injury Facts 2003 edition).
• Occupational fatalities due to falls are approximately 600 per year down from 1200 during since the 1970s.
• Total injuries due to falls estimated at $13-14 million per year in U.S. Falls are the number one cause of accidental injury, resulting in 20.8 percent of all emergency room visits in 1995. (Motor vehicle accidents accounted for 11.9 percent of ER visits.)
• Disabling (temporary and permanent) occupational injuries due to falls are approximately $250,000-$300,000 per year.
• Falls occur in virtually all manufacturing and service sectors. Fatal falls however are in construction, mining and certain maintenance activities.
• According to Workers Compensation statistics from ITT-Hartford Insurance Company, falls account for 16% of all claims and 26% of all costs. This compares to 33% of costs associated with sprains and strains.
• According to the American Trucking Association, slips and falls are the leading cause of compensable injury in the trucking industry. 
• Falls from elevation (approximately 40% of compensable fall cases, approximately 10% of occupational fatalities).
• Falls on the same level (approximately 60% of compensable fall cases). (W. Monroe Keyserling, Ph.D. 2000)

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Slips, Trips & Falls – Causes and Prevention

• June 12, 2017 November 9, 2018
• 12 min read

29 CFR 1910 Subpart D

According to the US Department of Labor, over 17% of all disabling occupational injuries results from a fall, making falls one of the most frequently reported workplace incident. In fact, 15% of all accidental deaths that occur in general industry are a result of a slip, trip or fall.

A slip can be defined as  too little friction or traction between feet (footwear) and a walking/working surface, resulting in loss of balance.  The typical result of this loss of balance, is a fall.

OSHA places falls into two separate categories:  Fall at the same level , and  fall to a lower level.  Falls that occur at the same level occur when a worker falls into or against objects above the same surface. Falls to a lower area is when a worker falls below their current walking/working surface.

Slips   may occur because of the following:

Liquid spills on smooth floors or walking surfaces such as water, grease, mud, oil food, bodily fluids and other wet material is one cause of slips and falls. However, don’t think that just because there are no liquid spills, that the surface is slip-free; dry product spills often contribute to slips as falls as well as wet conditions. For example, smooth walking surfaces where dust, powder, dry granules, wood shavings, plastic wrapping or other dry material connect is likely to create an equally dangerous slip potential. Wet and dusty conditions are not the only reasons for slips; transitioning from one surface to another surface is another often causes slips as well. Be sure to train your workers to be careful when transitioning from carpeted floors to vinyl or other smooth surfaces – especially when they are carrying tools and materials. Some other common causes of slips are:

• Highly polished floors such as granite, marble and ceramic tile.
• Sloped walking surfaces
• Loose, unanchored rugs or mats
• Loose floorboards or shifting tiles
• Ramps & gang planks without skid or slip-resistant surfaces
• Metal surfaces
• Dockboards & dock plates
• Sidewalk & road covers
• Mounting & dismounting vehicles & equipment
• Climbing ladders
• Loose, irregular surfaces such as gravel
• Sloped and uneven terrain
• Tree leaves, pine needles and other natural plant debris

Trips often occur because of:

• Uneven walking surfaces
• Damaged steps
• Debris accumulation
• Various waste materials
• Cables, chords, tools and materials
• Protruding objects
• Sidewalk / curb drop
• Opened drawers / doors
• Clutter, obstacles in aisles, walkway and work area
• Sudden changes in elevation
• Unmarked steps or ramps
• Rumpled carpets, mats or rugs
• Carpets with curled edges
• Irregularities in walking surfaces
• Missing or uneven brick pavers or floor tiles

What if every one of the previously listed risk factors were non-existent, would the workforce be completely free of slips, trips and fall hazards? NO!

Human element is the one, unmeasurable, and unpredictable risk factor that must be considered when developing a training plan. For example, a worker walking on a perfectly even and perfectly stable working surface, who is carrying a generator that weighs 200 pounds, is at greater risk of slipping and falling than if he was walking on the same surface, and carrying nothing.

Human Risk Factors Include:

• Lack of physical fitness
• Stress or illness
• Intoxication (alcohol, drugs & prescriptions)
• Carrying heavy objects or two many
• Situational Awareness – PAY ATTENTION

Environmental Conditions:

• Poor lighting
• Rain, sleet, snow and other bad weather
• Poor housekeeping
• Improper cleaning methods
• Inadequate signage

Prevention Rules

Just like any tool, or piece of equipment used on worksites, ladders must be inspected frequently for damage or defects – once you are on the ladder, it is too late. Always inspect the ladder  PRIOR TO USE  –  Inspect ,  Inspect  and  Inspect some more! Here are some specific notes about ladder safety, and how you can stay safe while using ladders.

• Never use the top of a ladder as a step, or platform
• Never place a ladder in front of a door unless the door is locked, blocked or guarded
• Immediately remove any ladder that is damaged or defective
• Make sure the ladder is maintained and in good condition at all times!
• Make sure that locks, and wheels are functioning properly and be sure to lubricate them often.
• Don’t forget to check the safety feet and other auxiliary equipment.
• Fiberglass framed ladders are notorious for splinters – be sure that all parts are free from splinters and that it has no sharp edges

20 FOOT MAX – for Stepladders

30 FOOT MAX – for Stepladders

Handrails and railings  must be present on the open sides of all exposed stairways and stair platforms, and handrails must be provided on at least one side of closed stairways preferable on the right side descending.

Stairway platforms  cannot be less than the width of a stairway and a minimum of 30 inches in length measured in the direction of travel.

Stair treads  must be reasonably slip-resistant and the nosing shall be of nonslip finish.

Stairs must have uniform rise height and tread width on any flight of stairs including any foundation structure used as one or more treads of the stairs.

Fixed stairs must have a minimum width of 22 inches.

• Standard railing system consists of a top rail, intermediate rail and posts.
• Railings have a vertical height of 42 inches nominal from the upper surface of the top rail to the floor.
• The top rail is smooth surfaced.
• Be sure that the end of the rail does not create a hazard with sharp edges or other uneven protrusions.
• Stair railings may not be more than 34 inches nor less than 30 inches from the upper surface of the top rail to surface of tread in line with face or riser at forward edge of tread.

The following specifications must be followed for wood and pipe railings :

• Posts must be at least 2 by 4
• Posts must be less than, or equal to 6 feet
• Rails must be at least 2 by 4
• Pipe railings must be at least 1 ½ inches nominal diameter
• Posts may not be spaced more than 8 feet on centers.

Structural Steel Railings must adhere to the following specifications:

• Posts, top and intermediate rails 2 by 2 3/8 inch angles
• Posts may not be spaced more than 8 feet on centers
• When constructing railings, the completed structure must be capable of holding a load of 200 pounds applied in any direction at any point on the top rail.
• Railing Toeboards – Standard toeboards are 4 inches nominal in vertical height, be securely fastened, not more than ¼-inch clearance above floor level. Openings may not be over 1 inch.
• Where material is piled to such height that a standard toeboard does not provide protection, paneling from floor to intermediate rail, or to top rail shall be provided.
• Every flight of stairs having four or more risers shall be equipped with standard stair railings or standard handrails.

Open-Sided Floors

• Every open-sided floor or platform 4 feet or more guarded on all open sides except where there is entrance to a ramp, stairway or fixed ladder.
• Railings shall be provided with a toeboard wherever : persons can pass, moving machinery exists, or where there is equipment with which falling materials could create a hazard,  beneath the open sides.
• All open sided floors, walkways, platforms, or runways above or adjacent to dangerous equipment, guarded with a standard railing and toe board.

Wall Openings                     

• Wall openings from which there is a drop of more than 4 feet must be guarded by a rail, roller, picket fence, half door or equivalent barrier.

Floor Openings

• Whenever workers must feed material into any hatchway or chute opening, protection shall be provided to prevent a person from falling through the opening.
• Every stairway floor opening must be guarded by a standard railing
• Employer must ensure that railing is provided on all exposed sides, except at the stairway entrance.
• Ladder way floor openings and platforms must be guarded by a standard railing with a standard toeboard on all exposed sides, except at the opening’s entrance, with the passage through the railing either provided with a swinging gate or so offset that a person cannot walk directly into the opening.
• Pits and trapdoor floor openings must be guarded by a floor opening cover of standard strength and construction.
• While the cover is not in place, the pit or the trap opening constantly attended by someone or protected on all exposed sides by removable standard railings.
• Every temporary floor openings must have standard railings, or shall be constantly attended by someone.
• All floor holes that a person could accidentally walk into must be guarded by either a standard railing with standard toeboard on all exposed sides, or a floor hole cover of standard strength and construction. While the cover is not in place, the floor hole shall be constantly attended by someone or shall be protected by a removable standard railing.
• Permanent aisles and passageways shall be appropriately marked.
• Sufficient safe clearance must be maintained where mechanical handling equipment is used.
• Aisles and passageways must be kept clear and in good repair.
• There may be no obstruction across or in aisles that could create a hazard

Housekeeping

• All places of employment must be kept clean, orderly and in a sanitary condition.
• Workrooms must be kept clean and dry
• Platforms, mats, or other dry standing places must be provided for wet process work areas.

Prevention Tips

Slips occur when an unintended or unexpected change in the contact between the worker’s feet and the walking surface. Good housekeeping, shoe selection, walking surface maintenance and employee preparedness all play an important role in slip / fall prevention.

We have listed some industry best practices below to help you remain vigilant and free of falls in the workplace; we hope that our advice helps to raise awareness for slips, trips and fall injuries, and we hope that we help to people stay safe.

Slips, Trips & Falls – Public Enemy No.1

Companies who practice good housekeeping have slip and fall injuries than the ones who pay less attention to maintaining a clean and safe walking / working environment.

Your company can reduce slips and falls by following the following best practices:

• Clean all spills immediately.
• Mark spills and wet areas immediately with wet floor signage – block off area with caution tape if necessary.
• Keep floor free of debris (sweep and mop frequently)
• Mop floors during low traffic times, or when workers are on break to allow proper drying time.
• Remove obstacles from walkways
• Keep walkways free from clutter (including tools and jobsite materials)
• Rugs & Carpeting – make sure edges that do not lay flat are taped down
• Cabinets & Doors – keep doors closed at all times
• Cables that cross walkways must be covered at all times
• Working areas and walkways must be kept well lit
• Replace faulty switches and burnt-out light bulbs immediately – improper lighting conditions may contribute to existing hazards and may prevent workers from noticing slip and trip hazards.

The most advanced flooring systems and the best non-slip shoes will not prevent slips and falls if good housekeeping practices are not a part of the culture. Maintaining a clean and tidy workplace should become such a routine practice, that cleaning becomes second nature. Every team member must participate in the advancement of good housekeeping.

• Improperly maintained walking surfaces have the potential to cause slips and falls despite the best housekeeping habits. The following measures can be taken to add an additional level of protection against slips and falls.
• Recoat or replace flooring
• Install non-slip mats
• Install pressure-sensitive abrasive strips or abrasive filled paint-on coating and metal or synthetic decking.

Some work environments are slippery by nature, so extra care must be taken to prevent slips. For example, work environments that are oily or wet, or where workers spend considerable time outdoors have a reputation for being more slippery.

There is no shoe that works best for every scenario, so you should pay close attention to the nature of your specific workplace – and be sure to check the manufacture’s recommendation for what shoe is best for your particular workplace.

You can also reduce the risk of slipping on wet floor by:

• Taking your time while walking
• Pay attention to where you are going
• Make wide turns at corners
• Walk with your feel pointed slightly out
• Adjust your cadence for the condition.

You can reduce the risk of tripping by:

• Keep walking area free from debris, tools and materials
• Keep flooring in good condition
• Make sure the work area is well-lit
• Be sure not to carry items that are too bulky or too heavy

Delayed Compliance Dates:

Although the final rule became effective on January 17, 2017, but some parts of the final rule have a delayed, or phased-in, compliance dates.

May 17, 2017 –  Training workers on fall and equipment hazards

November 20, 2017 –  Inspection and certification of permanent building achorages

November 19, 2018 –  Installation of fall protection (personal fall arrest systems, ladder safety systems, cages, wells) on existing fixed ladders (over 24 feet) that do not have any fall protection

November 19, 2018 – Installation of ladder safety or personal fall arrest systems on new fixed ladders (over 24 feet) and replacement ladders/ladder sections

November 18, 2036 –  Installation of ladder safety systems or personal fall arrest systems on all fixed ladders (over 24 feet)

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Know the Most Common Areas Where Slips and Falls Occur

More than eight million Americans go to the ER each year after a fall. Slip and falls account for 12% of those ER trips. With slip and fall accidents, fractures are a common injury, and some of those fractures require surgery to repair.

Fall prevention is the best way to avoid these injuries. Lower the risk of these falls by paying attention to these common areas where slips and falls occur.

The Bathroom

The bathroom is a prime spot for slip and fall accidents. Bathroom flooring gets wet after a bath or shower, and that slippery linoleum or tile flooring gets slick. The tub or shower floor is also slick and usually covered in water, soap suds, and conditioners.

Stepping over the edge of a tub may already have your dad off balance. If his foot slips, he’s likely to slip and fall. In the smaller space, it’s possible that the fall will lead to a head, shoulder, or hip coming into contact with a hard toilet, counter, or sink.

The Kitchen

Falls in the kitchen are common because of the slick flooring. Few kitchens have carpeting due to difficulty cleaning food spills. Tile or linoleum floors are more common. If liquids are spilled on the floor and not cleaned up, it’s easy to slip and fall.

Another common cause of kitchen falls involves reaching for items. If the top cabinet is six or seven feet up, your dad may be tempted to use a chair or climb on the counter to reach something. If he falls that distance to a hard floor or hits the counter on the way down, his injuries can be severe.

Outside Sidewalks and Stairs

Falls on sidewalks and stairs outside the home occur when snow or ice builds up. In the spring and summer, wet algae built up on a patio or deck is also slippery. To prevent these falls, make sure your dad’s snowy or icy stairs and sidewalks are shoveled and treated with sand or a de-icer agent.

What If He’s Already Fallen?

What if it’s too late? Your dad fell, so what happens now? Personal care at home aides help your dad get back to his regular routines after a fall.

He focuses on his physical therapy exercises with his aides’ support. Your dad also has personal care at home professionals available to help him with household organization, transportation, and ambulation. Call to learn more.

If you or an aging loved-one is considering Personal Care at Home in Edina , MN please contact the caring staff at Great Oak Senior Care, Inc. today. (952) 767-4925

Slip and Fall Quick Facts

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