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Mirissa Whale Watching

Blue whales are the biggest animal live on the earth and Mirissa is the one of most suitable spot to watch blue whales and other whales too.  Read More

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This is the second largest national park in Sri Lanka.Yala is home to Asian elephants, leopards and variety of beautiful endemic birds.  Read More

sigiriya popular as eighth wonder of the world among the tourists and it was the one of Asia's oldest landscaped garden.  Read More

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Hello Again Sri Lanka

Eco - Tourism

Enjoy Sri Lankan ecotourism which is a growing niche sector. It gives you the opportunity of enjoying multifaceted attractions such as the highest mountains, the longest sea beaches, the world’s greatest religions (Buddhism & Hinduism), magnificent civilization, glorious traditions, artistic monuments, incredible diversity of landscapes, climates, flora and fauna, unparalleled bio-diversity, topographical variations etc. Ours is the ultimate in diversity, beauty and culture, all combined with one of the best treasures of the world a warm, friendly and smiling people. When you choose an ecotourism resort, you choose to preserve the environment, culture and heritage and benefit local communities who are the key custodians of natural resources and play an active and critical role in conserving valuable biodiversity. When you choose to travel this way, you are not part of mass tourism but part of up market niche tourism which specializes in small groups and in depth “ on the field” knowledge. As part of your travel plans, you consciously choose to enjoy your holiday as a learning and enrichment experience whilst also:

• Minimally impacting on the environment
• Learning about and respecting the local culture and environment
• Obtaining positive experiences for all
• Employing and benefitting local people
• Learning about the local political, social and environmental issues
• Ensuring that your spending contributes to the conservation of the area
• Assisting in preserving a special habitat such as wildlife, farming, nature, water etc
• Learning and taking back new ideas back to influence your own environment
• Obtaining new unmatched experiences
• Helping to benefit not only Sri Lanka but the world as well

Enjoy Ecotourism – the unmatched nature based personalized experience

Sri Lanka's Saraii Village

COLOMBO, Sri Lanka - Eco tourism and eco friendly destinations have become catch phrases in the tourism industry recently so it was no surprise to see the world's most popular travel rating site TripAdvisor put out a list of the 10 most extraordinary Treetop Hotels. It was a pleasant surprise however to find Sri Lanka's very own Saraii Village www.saraiivillage.com on the list - a relative newcomer to the field of sustainable tourism and green travel.

http://www.tripadvisor.com/InfoCenter-a_ctr.treehouseEN1

Being rated by TripAdvisor among ten exclusive treetop hotels worldwide gives Saraii more than one reason to celebrate its sustainable message. CEO and founder of Saraii Charitha Abeyratne said "We are grateful to TripAdvisor for considering us worthy enough for this remarkable rating. It feels good when you know you are being appreciated and recommended by your customers. This makes us very excited about the future of Saraii and the experience we offer our guests”

Saraii Village started as an idea few thought plausible, some laughed at and others dismissed. But one person defended it and that was Charitha Abeyratne the founder and CEO of Saraii Village who was involved in building an organic Agro-Forestry business with her husband Prasanna, which inspired her to create a sustainable tourism business with an agro/eco platform.

Wave- Less Boat

Karunathilaka, Innovator of Wave - less boat awarded for his innovation at The Ray' award, which was organized by the Ray Wijewardene Charitable Trust (RWCT) in collaboration with the Sri Lanka investors Commission and support of the Commercial Bank

For more info Innovation of Wave-Less Boat

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Top 5 Ecotourism Destinations in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is a hugely popular tourist destination and a growing segment of its industry is devoting itself to ecotourism, the practice of travelling to remote, often threatened environments in order to support conservation efforts and learn about the local history and culture. Like every country around the world, Sri Lanka is facing great challenges when it comes to climate change and the loss of biodiversity, which is why ecotourism – part of one of the country’s largest industries – is incredibly valuable in the fight to conserve it.

What is ecotourism and why is it important? 

Facilitated by responsible tour operators , ecotourism differs from the industry at large, as inherent to its existence are a handful of principles that uphold true sustainability and community welfare . Some of the principles include:

• Direct economic benefits for local communities and conservation projects
• Providing memorable, authentic learning experiences that engage visitors with local culture and ecology
• Design and construction of facilities for the lowest possible impact on surroundings
• Recognition of indigenous rights, and partnerships with indigenous communities

All of these principles help to ensure that visitors have a positive impact on the places they visit, rather than leaving it in an economic or environmental deficit. To travel to ecotourism destinations is to recognise that you are visiting a living, breathing human and ecological ecosystem, and make the conscious effort to support, protect and benefit them, through your consumer choice. In a fast-paced era where isolation and self-interest are all too easy, ecotourism is about slowing down , getting out into the wilderness and connecting with the ground beneath your feet.

Sri Lanka’s Ecotourism

Environmentally-friendly tourism is vital for the health of Sri Lanka’s natural biodiversity, as it cannot be forgotten that the country has lost a vast percentage of its natural habitats over the last fifty years. It is no coincidence that in this time tourism in Sri Lanka has grown at an incredible pace, with visitor numbers annually well into the millions – but, as is often the case, economic growth has led to environmental decline. However, there is another trend happening: since 2004, ecotourism has grown “globally three times faster than the tourism industry as a whole’’ .

And as luck would have it the island is home to a whole host of protected natural and cultural sites, including 9 UNESCO World Heritage Site s,   twenty six national parks , and a huge number of reserves. It is in these protected areas that a lot of ecotourism destinations are located, hidden in the forest and secluded up in the clouds. 

With interest in the movement rising rapidly in Sri Lanka, ecotourism destinations are popping up all over the island. So if you wish to travel to this beautiful island, learn about its authentic culture from people who live it everyday, and take care of the earth as you do it, look no further. Below are four examples of must-visit ecotourism spots in Sri Lanka, and how they are helping the planet and its residents.

Rainforest Ecolodge  

In the south of Sri Lanka, nestled in the Sinharaja Rainforest is the Rainforest Ecolodge . Sitting on the fringe of the Sinharaja UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, this ecolodge is a great example of how ecotourism destinations are designed and built with the planet in mind from the very beginning. The whole experience of a stay here is designed to place you in the middle of the rainforest, surrounded by the bustling trees that encircle you. Opened in 2012, twenty chalets built from recycled shipping containers rise above the ground of the forest clearing, simultaneously providing you with a 360° view of the verdant canopy, and allowing the plant and animal life to continue to thrive below.

Finished and decorated with all-natural materials, every inch of this ecolodge has been designed to elevate the beauty of the forest and make nature the principal feature. Here you can enjoy locally-sourced meals in the restaurant that opens out to the mountain range – true alfresco dining, and spend your days trekking the forest floor to the cascading waterfalls and listen to the sweet birdsong rising from the treetops.

Gal Oya Lodge  

This ecolodge is located in the eponymous national park, an untouched peaceful paradise in south-eastern Sri Lanka. The designers behind it have beautiful blended nature and luxury to bring you a truly unique experience out in the wilderness. Most notable is the lodge’s partnership with the neighbouring Vedda indigenous community . Thought to be the oldest human inhabitants of Sri Lanka, the Vedda people have long been threatened by many different forces, including private land acquisition, government forest reserve restrictions, and the civil war.

But, the team at Gal Oya Lodge works with the community to educate guests on indigenous life, and the Vedda chief leads tours through the jungle to show how his community connects spiritually to the environment and lives off the land. For over 2,000 years the land of Gal Oya National Park has been preserved and protected, and strolling the forest paths that line the lake is where you can watch wild elephants swimming between islands that are dotted over the water.

Gal Oya may be a last vestige of Sri Lanka’s truely untouched biodiversity and by staying at the Gal Oya Lodge, observing their conservation programs and meeting the Vedda community, you can help in the effort to conserve it.

Flameback Ecolodge  

Located on the banks of the Weerawila Lake is the Flameback Ecolodge and its seven secluded tents that marry luxury and comfort with the great outdoors with ease – glamping never looked so good. An integral feature of what differentiates ecotourism from the wider industry is how these places plant roots in their local community and connect to their surroundings in meaningful ways. Ecotourism has been shown to decrease rural poverty , a systemic problem in Sri Lanka, and Flameback are a great example of how ecotourism aids in the fight against it.

Showcased on their website are the local individuals the lodge works with in providing guests with authentic experiences, from going on fishing trips with Sunil, learning palmyrah weaving by artisan craftswoman Disna, to going on treks with Kalana, the lodge’s inhouse ranger. The lodge is also connected to local farmers, buying directly from them, and guests are even welcomed into local homes for dinner. But perhaps most importantly, every employee of Flameback Ecolodge earns a dignified living wage, to help social mobility thrive within the local area. A stay at Flameback encompasses connection in every form; to yourself, to nature, and to culture and the community that lives and breathes it.

Dream Cliff Mountain Resort  

Up in the clouds, near the famous Horton Plains National Park is Dream Cliff Mountain Resort . Secluded and serene, this little resort is perched on the mountainside and surrounded by green and luscious trees that extend out as far as the eye can see. This is a Sri Lanka not many tourists get to see, and while the country is facing many difficult effects of climate change Dream Cliff is an example of a natural, preserved ecosystem, ever more valuable in the fight to conserve Sri Lankan biodiversity.

Pristine hillsides stretch and bend out to the horizon, full of adventure and the calls of their wild inhabitants. Another key feature of ecotourism is the ability for the place you stay to build your environmental and cultural awareness of the local area, and this awareness is inherent to a stay at Dream Cliff. Watch the sunrise over the mountaintops as you slumber above the clouds, breathing in the tranquility that flows from the swaying grasses lining the sloping hills to the pillowy clouds that float past your bedroom window.

See true Sri Lankan beauty for yourself as you take part in the many activities on offer. Spend your days venturing to the waterfalls where you can bathe in the free-falling water, mountain biking over the hilltops and down to the villages, and spotting the wildlife that lives and thrives all around. It is environmentally-focused places such as Dream Cliff Mountain Resort, existing harmoniously rather than antagonistically with nature, that can be blueprints for the tourism industry’s vital evolution towards ecotourism. 

Sri Lanka is an undeniable biodiversity hotspot rich with colour and culture, with ecotourism becoming an ever-growing sector of the country’s tourism industry working to showcase it all. While the rise in global interest in ecotourism runs parallel to the increase in the threat of climate change, it also shows people’s willingness to change their habits to help the earth.

Ecotourism provides a shining light for the future of tourism, as well as an avenue through which people all over the world can help communities that have long been isolated, impoverished and downtrodden. As you can see, Sri Lanka provides the perfect landscape for so many different types of ecotourism, from its mountaintops to its coral reefs. In return, ecotourism provides Sri Lanka with much needed hope and a helping hand in the fight to save each and every one of them, as well as the opportunity for you to play your part – interested?

“Ecotourism provides any destination with a fantastic way to encourage environmental conservation, and with all the fantastic biodiversity Sri Lanka holds it really is the perfect location for it. The already prevalent growth of the sector in Sri Lanka shows a real hope for greener, more sustainable travel in the future, fundamentally more enriching for all involved.” Olivia de Quincey

Sri Lanka Adventure

Exquisite Sri Lanka

Photography Experience of Sri Lanka

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Home / Guides / Sustainable Tourism in Sri Lanka

Sustainable Tourism in Sri Lanka: Initiatives and Ecotourism Places to Visit in Sri Lanka

2022 april updated.

As Sri Lanka tries to safeguard the environment, Sustainable tourism in Sri Lanka is an exception. It is one way to ensure the preservation of the tourist attraction places for now and the future.

Touring the world and meeting people from all walks of life is an important element of our global culture. It allows us to discover new places and cultures while learning about new traditions and activities. As a result of the numerous benefits it provides to travelers and communities, it is widely seen as a positive influence.

The tourism industry, on the other hand, is changing. Our awareness of the threat posed by climate change and our involvement in intensifying it is growing stronger with each year that passes. Our worldwide community is considering how we might reduce our negative influence on the environment across all businesses and sectors.

This is where the sustainable tourism concept is important, and the Sri Lanka government has taken this seriously, as we shall see on this page. Here we will explore what sustainable tourism is all about, the measures undertaken by the Sri Lanka government towards realizing this goal and ecotourism Tourism places to visit in Sri Lanka.

What is Sustainable Tourism?

As we dive into how Sri Lanka is adopting measures towards sustainable tourism, it is important first to understand what sustainable tourism is all about.

Sustainable tourism refers to tourism that generates more advantages than negative consequences, particularly in terms of the environment, the economy, and local communities, among other things. Tourism that is truly sustainable and responsible should improve the quality of life in the areas where people live and visit.

Offering hospitality and leisure services in a way that protects not just the environment but also local economies and societies is what sustainable tourism is all about, according to the World Tourism Organization.

All too frequently, when swarms of tourists descend on a region, the implications for the local communities are catastrophic. This happens as a result of either carelessness or the inherent nature of the sector. Sustainable tourism guarantees that tourist sites preserve their natural charm and that all living things, including trees and animals and humans, are not harmed while also allowing tourists to enjoy and experience the place.

Sustainable tourism necessitates an investment of time, effort, and money. However, if done right, it is unquestionably worthwhile. Unorganized "green" projects are implemented in many places with no discernible results.

In recent years, however, legitimate, sustainable tourism initiatives have improved the appeal of many destinations, and more and more sophisticated travelers are becoming conscious of their environmental footprints.

Not every location must be environmentally friendly or promote ecotourism. Sustainable tourism can be practiced in a variety of ways in any destination.

The Pillars of Sustainable Tourism

There are three pillars of sustainable tourism; environmental sustainability, social sustainability and economic sustainability. Environmental sustainability is all about protecting the environment. Environmental sustainability is achieved through initiatives such as waste reduction, the elimination of single-use plastics, and the reduction of the overall carbon footprint.

The protection of natural environments such as woods and waterways and the preservation of artificial environmental artifacts such as historic structures, architecture, and artworks are essential for the survival of humanity.

Social sustainability is a little more difficult to describe than environmental sustainability. Still, at its core, it is the concept of conducting your business in the best interests of your employees, stakeholders, partners, and the communities in which you conduct your business.

Economic sustainability is based on financial profitability, but this should not come at the expense of the other two pillars of sustainability (environmental and social). While it's obvious that a company's profitability is essential to its long-term viability, the pursuit of profit must never come at the expense of environmental or social issues.

Sustainable Tourism in Sri Lanka

Sustainable tourism in Sri Lanka is a long-term goal. For Sri Lanka to achieve a positive overall balance in environmental, sociocultural, economic, and experiential consequences for tourists and residents, sustainable tourism must be promoted throughout the country.

The Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority considers sustainability to be a critical driver in preserving and conserving the island's outstanding natural and cultural heritage to ensure that the destination remains a popular tourist destination for Sri Lankans and visitors now and in the future. SLTDA has mandated the authority to construct sustainable destinations, which the organization has given top priority.

Although the COVID-19 global pandemic has wreaked havoc on the global travel and tourism business, it has also presented a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to reset the sector's priorities.

Sri Lanka Tourism has taken advantage of this opportunity. It is charting a new environmentally-friendly path forward for the sector to navigate the future in an environmentally-friendly manner.

Sustainable tourism is essential for preserving natural, cultural, and environmental resources, all of which are vital to the long-term viability of Sri Lanka's tourism sector. If these important resources are not conserved, Sri Lanka may see a decrease in the number of tourists visiting the country.

Sustainable tourism is somewhat more to be requested by tourists in the future, particularly following the conclusion of COVID-19, and the National Sustainable Tourism Certification (NSTC) program has been established to address this demand.

In order to remain competitive in the global marketplace, it is essential that we adapt to the demands of tourists. Sustainable tourism is no longer an option; instead, it is required.

Sri Lanka is a small island that is particularly vulnerable to climate change. Its tourism product is strongly reliant on natural resources, making it critical to develop the business sustainably.

Sustainable Tourism Practices in Sri Lanka

In supporting sustainable tourism in Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka has taken several steps. The first step undertaken towards achieving sustainable tourism in Sri Lanka is that Sri Lanka became a member of the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC).

The move is meant to show the willingness and strengthen their position towards achieving the long term goal of sustainable tourism in Sri Lanka. Other initiatives are also underway, such as the plans to develop Sigiriya as the first Sustainable Destination. The draft is already drafted and will be shared with the Central Cultural Fund (CCF).

Furthermore, due to the high degree of biodiversity in the Yala Palatupana Tourism Zone, it is planned to be raised to the status of a Protected Conservancy Area. In addition, new criteria are being developed to ensure that new tourism projects meet sustainability standards, such as those requiring renewable energy, recycling, and zero single-use plastic.

When it comes to achieving sustainability targets in the future, boutique hotels that are presently in business will need to set a deadline to meet. Sri Lanka Tourism has taken steps to meet the aims of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for 2030.

MEPA (Marine Environment Protection Authority) collaborates with Sri Lanka Tourism to protect the marine environment to ensure a healthy coastal and ocean environment for future generations. This collaboration has been put on hold due to the disaster involving the X-Press Pearl ship.

According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization, tourism accounted for at least 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2019, making it an urgent requirement. As Millennial and Generation Z tourists become more concerned about their carbon footprint, they look for more environmentally-friendly destinations. In the three years between 2015 and 2020, the TUI Group reported an 84 per cent increase in the number of clients who chose "greener and fairer" vacation packages. The TUI Group is the world's largest leisure, travel, and tourism company, operating its travel agencies, hotels, airlines, retail shops, and cruise ships.

As global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution threaten the future of travel, Sri Lanka Tourism has been thinking about how local challenges might be managed to protect the global sector.

Authorities realize that encouraging sustainable tourism is critical to increasing the destination's competitiveness and positively positioning Sri Lanka as a tourism destination of choice for visitors.

Ecotourism Tourism in Sri Lanka

In order to maintain the health of Sri Lanka's natural biodiversity, environmentally friendly tourism is essential. It should not be overlooked that the country has lost a significant part of its natural habitats over the last fifty years.

Tourism in Sri Lanka has expanded at an astounding rate over this period, with visitor numbers annually well into the millions. It is no coincidence. Yet, as is often the case, economic expansion has resulted in environmental degradation.

Nevertheless, another trend is underway: ecotourism has expanded "globally three times faster than the tourism industry as a whole" since 2004, according to the World Ecotourism Organization.

In addition, as fate would have it, the island is home to an abundance of protected natural and cultural monuments, including nine UNESCO World Heritage Sites, twenty-six national parks, and a large number of protected wildlife reserves.

Many ecotourism locations can be found within these protected regions, buried deep within the forest or high in the skies. Ecotourism in Sri Lanka is a significant trend in Sri Lanka because most people would like to enjoy the surroundings in the most natural way possible; for example, they want to swim in pristine waters or go through unknown terrain.

Many rainforests are included on the list of ecotourism destinations to visit. Aside from beautiful beaches, little islands are also well-known among tourists. In terms of wildlife, camping at night and getting a closer look at animals are the most important aspects of the experience.

Hiking, mountain climbing, canoeing, and kayaking are examples of ecotourism activities that provide the greatest possible exposure to nature while requiring the least infrastructure.

When traveling, there are several restrictions to obey. For example, littering is strictly prohibited, as is vandalizing any property or feeding wild animals. In addition, the rainforests are kept as close to their natural state as is humanly possible. When visiting Sri Lanka, ecotourism is the next best thing to do because it allows you to be as close to nature as you possibly can.

Top Ecotourism Destinations in Sri Lanka

When it comes to tourism, Sri Lanka ranks high on the list, and a rising section of the economy is devoting itself to ecotourism. Ecotourism is the practice of traveling to distant, frequently threatened settings to support conservation efforts and learn about the local history and culture.

Like every other country on the planet, Sri Lanka is confronted with significant challenges related to climate change and biodiversity loss. As a result, ecotourism, a significant component of one of the country's largest industries, is extremely valuable in the fight to conserve biodiversity.

Due to the significant increase in interest in the environmental movement in Sri Lanka, ecotourism attractions are springing up all across the island. So, if you want to come to this beautiful island, learn about its true culture from people who live it daily, and do so while also caring for the environment, look no further than this destination.

The following are some examples of must-see ecotourism destinations in Sri Lanka and how they benefit the earth and its inhabitants.

Rainforest Ecolodge

Forest Ecolodge is located in the Sinharaja Rainforest in the country's south, close to the border with India. This ecolodge, located on the outskirts of the Sinharaja UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, is an excellent example of how ecotourism destinations are planned and constructed with the environment in mind from the beginning.

The entire experience of being here is designed to put you right in the center of the rainforest, surrounded by the lively trees that surround you and immerse you in nature.

Twenty chalets constructed from recycled shipping containers were raised above the ground of a forest clearing in 2012, giving you a 360-degree view of the verdant canopy while allowing the plant and animal life below to continue to flourish.

Every inch of this ecolodge, which has been finished and decorated entirely with natural materials, has been created to enhance the beauty of the forest and make nature the property's main attraction.

You can spend your days trekking through the forest floor to the cascading waterfalls and listening to the sweet birdsong rising from the treetops while enjoying locally sourced meals in the restaurant that opens out to the mountain range – true alfresco dining – and spending your nights in the lodge.

Gal Oya Lodge

This ecolodge is located within the namesake national park, a pristine and serene haven in Sri Lanka's south-eastern region. A wonderful blend of nature and luxury has been created by the designers behind it, resulting in a unique experience out in the wilderness.

The most remarkable aspect of the lodge is the relationship with the Vedda indigenous community in the surrounding area. They are believed to be Sri Lanka's first human settlers and have long been threatened by various factors, including private property acquisition and government forest reserve limits. The country's civil strife has also threatened the Vedda people.

However, the personnel at Gal Oya Lodge collaborates with the community to educate guests about indigenous culture, and the Vedda chief leads tours into the jungle to demonstrate how his tribe is spiritually connected to nature and relies on the soil for its livelihood.

For more than 2,000 years, the area of Gal Oya National Park has been kept and safeguarded, and while wandering along the woodland paths that flank the lake, you can see wild elephants swimming between the islands that dot the water's surface.

By staying at the Gal Oya Lodge, learning about their conservation projects, and meeting members of the Vedda community, you can contribute to the effort to preserve Sri Lanka's only remaining patch of really pristine wildlife.

Flameback Ecolodge

The Flameback Ecolodge, located on the banks of the Weerawila Lake, offers seven secluded tents that seamlessly blend elegance and comfort with the great outdoors — glamping has never looked so wonderful.

Ecotourism differs from the rest of the tourism business in that it encourages visitors to establish roots in their local communities and form meaningful connections with their surroundings. This is a key characteristic of what distinguishes ecotourism from the rest of the industry.

Rural poverty, which is a systemic problem in Sri Lanka, has been reduced by ecotourism, and the Flameback Mountains are a perfect illustration of how ecotourism can aid in the fight against it.

The lodge collaborates with local individuals to provide guests with authentic experiences featured on their website, from going on fishing trips with Sunil to learning palmyrah weaving from artisan craftswoman Disna to going on treks with Kalana, the lodge's in-house ranger, to providing guests with authentic experiences.

The lodge also maintains a relationship with local farmers, purchasing directly from them, and visitors are even invited to dine at their houses for dinner. But, probably most crucially, every employee of Flameback Ecolodge earns a decent living wage, contributing to the advancement of social mobility in the surrounding community.

When you stay at Flameback, you will experience connection in every sense of the word: connection with yourself, the environment, culture, and the community that lives and breathes it.

Dream Cliff Mountain Resort

Dream Cliff Mountain Resort is high in the sky, close to the famed Horton Plains National Park. Perched high on a mountaintop and surrounded by lush greenery as far as the eye can view. It is a small resort but offers peace and tranquility to all who visit.

As seen by few tourists in Sri Lanka, and when the country is dealing with the many difficult effects of climate change, Dream Cliff is an example of a natural, preserved ecosystem that is becoming increasingly valuable in the fight to conserve Sri Lankan biodiversity.

Dream Cliff is a natural, preserved ecosystem that is becoming increasingly valuable in the fight to conserve Sri Lankan biodiversity.

Extending to the horizon, the hillsides are alive with the sounds of wild animals and the cries of adventurers seeking adventure. Developing your environmental and cultural knowledge of the local area while on vacation is another important aspect of ecotourism. A stay at Dream Cliff will help you develop these awareness skills.

Take in the peacefulness that runs from the swaying grasses lining the sloping hills to the pillowy clouds that drift past your bedroom window as you sleep above the clouds. Watch the sunrise over the mountaintops as you rest above the clouds.

As you participate in the many activities on offer, you will be able to witness firsthand the true beauty of Sri Lanka. Spend your days hiking to waterfalls where you can take a refreshing bath in the free-falling water, mountain biking across the hilltops and down to the villages, and viewing the wildlife that exists and thrives throughout the area.

Environmentally conscious places, such as Dream Cliff Mountain Resort which exists in harmony with nature rather than in opposition to it, has the potential to serve as models for the tourism industry's necessary transition to an ecotourism model.

• Our Camps and Lodges
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• Experiences
• Destinations
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• Big Game Tented Safari Camps
• Mahoora Tented Safari Camps
• Ahaspokuna Bush Walks Tented Camp

Founded as a pioneering Eco and Adventure tourism company in the year 2000, Eco Team has, over the years, narrowed its focus to become the most sought-after specialist in Wildlife Tourism and Experiential Travel. 

With five specialised accommodation brands under its umbrella, Eco Team features the most unique Tented Accommodations & Lodges in the country.   Find More  

Our Service Values

Exclusive  experiences it’s all about what you will be doing. .

We take pride in offering the exclusive and unique experiences going beyond just the tourist highlights. We believe that no two persons on this earth could be the same, so therefore no holiday created should be the same too. With our unparalleled access to all the hidden corners, we don't merely create holidays, we design experiences that money can’t buy.  

Genuine Encounters It’s all about whom you are meeting.

Our tours are designed to grant you an intimate peak into the country and meeting real local people. With our special relationships cultivated over the years, our tours offer access into villages and homes to provide truly unique perspectives. This is something we are really specialized in. You do things together, share a meal or take part in a religious ritual; you become their guest but not a paid tourist.     

Spaces with Character It’s about where you are staying. 

Our handpicked accommodations are way different to large chain hotels with conventional star ratings. We offers small properties with quality, character, ambiance and run by passionate people. The range does not limit to “hotels” and goes into Tented Camps, Lodges, Home Stays, Colonial Bungalows, Luxury Boutique Properties as well as Tree Houses that have won multiple awards and plaudits.

Passionate Sustainability It’s about how we do things. 

We believe that the sustainability and conservation approach in tourism is not merely an option but a way of life. While offering you unique, unconventional experiences and encounters, we strive to stay conscious of the sustainability of our habitat, people and culture. You wouldn’t find the Elephant Orphanage, animal rides or shows, or any other experiences that exploit people or animals in our programmes.

Our Locations

Sri Lanka is an island that promises many types of adventures to suit visitors with various interests, made possible by our diverse local people who act as guides and hosts.

Sri Lanka’s diverse topography and our connectivity with each location, our professionalism and our exceptional attitude towards service make us an outstanding provider of activities and experiences in the region.    

One of the many attractions of the country is that you can do many activities in a very short time span, without having to travel long distances from one activity location to an other.  For example, you could do a rainforest walk in the morning, a whitewater-rafting trip by noon, and do a leisurely stroll on the beach in the evening, all on the same day!

Our stories in motion 

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Why we do not promote following attractions

You may find that we have not included certain common tourist attractions that are generally found in other programme designs; namely, the turtle hatcheries on the southern coast, the Pinnawala elephant orphanage, the Habarana elephant rides and the Bullock Cart Trail. These are not included due to conservation and ethical reasons.

Turtle Hatcheries

We do not encourage our visitors to patronize the turtle hatcheries as this concept has serious negative aspects in terms of conservation. We encourage visitors to observe turtles in their natural habitats. For further information check the link below.  More Information

Pinnawela Elephant Orphanage

We do not encourage our clients to visit the above either. We do not agree with the concept of how the establishment is run. We are happy to see that even the Born Free Foundation has now taken a similar stand. 

Elephant back rides – Habarana We have concerns about the way this is being done. However, there may be a few ethical operators but in general, we do not agree with the “working hours”, how they give rest to the animals, trails they use etc.

Traditional village tour with a canoe trip and bullock carts – Habarana This is an extremely commercialized touristic operation where a lot is “staged”. We encourage the visitors to have less touristic experiences and instead experience the real Sri Lanka.

Wildlife Tours Sri Lanka - Fixed Departures & Offers

Cycling Tours Sri Lanka - Fixed Departures & Offers

Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation (SLEF). the pioneer National Ecotourism Organization in Sri Lanka... Marching towards greener and pro-poor tourism fabric in Sri Lanka

VISION, MISSION AND GOALS OF SRI LANKA ECOTOURISM FOUNDATION 1998-2019

"To make Sri Lanka one of the most sought after ecotourism destination in the world and to built a professional ecotourism network, which serves as a model for ecotourism in the Asia and pacific Regions"

"Ecotourism in Sri Lanka to be used as a tool to conserve the environment, to assure maximum economic benefits to the host community, preserve age-old cultural heritage, provide in-depth information about Sri Lanka and to satisfy the needs of both national and international Ecotourists visiting genuine eco sites in the island"

"Focus of Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation is the social and 'economic development of rural communities in Sri Lanka, through Community Based Ecotourism Enterprises (CBEs). From its inception, SLEF has worked hard to introduce and implement poverty alleviation programs through ecotourism. To realize this objective, SLEF provides support services and motivates local communities to participate in Community Based Ecotourism and environmental conservation projects. The Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation (SLEF) focuses in reducing poverty in the tourism generating areas of Sri Lanka, contribute to economic growth, increase employment, and promote the conservation of the natural, cultural heritage sites. The specific objective of SLEF is to promote sustainable tourism in Sri Lanka and position the same as one of the best ecotourism destination in the South Asia through infrastructure improvements, community and private sector participation, and regional cooperation. The SLEF is trying hard to improve infrastructure to promote ecotourism, promote pro-poor, community-based sustainable tourism in rural areas, and strengthen of regional cooperation. SLEF believes ecotourism could mitigate environmental degradation, develop human resources, and promote cooperation between private and public sectors in Sri Lanka"

"The long term goals of Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation (SLEF) are • To place Sri Lanka as an outstanding destination on the world ecotourism map • To trigger the transition of Sri Lanka's tourism industry from the traditional "sun, sea and sand" based mass tourism to nature based tourism, with an emphasis on ecotourism • To play a pivotal role in facilitating ecological preservation and community benefits, by educating communities, tour operators and ecotourists to contribute to the preservation of biodiversity."

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SRILANKA ECOTOURISM FOUNDATION

Sri Lanka Ecotourism foundation (SLEF) is the pioneer national ecotourism organization, dedicated to promote ecotourism in Sri Lanka and to build a strong and professional Ecotourism Network in the Asia-Pacific Region. During past year the SLEF has done its best to promote ecotourism in Sri Lanka and Asia-Pacific Region adhering to the noble ideals and principles of Ecotourism.

• SLEF from its inception has lobbied for formulation of National Policies, Regulations, Guidelines, Strategic Development and Action Plans in Ecotourism in Sri Lanka. The SLEF was an active contributor in many steering committees and forums appointed by the Sri Lanka Tourism in view of formulating of Ecotourism Policies which finally became a reality in 2003

• SLEF strongly believes Ecotourism education and related research programmes is the most important field as far as future development of ecotourism is concerned. Education of tourism industry operators, their customers and the wider community is an essential, but often overlooked component of sustainable tourism. In the race to develop new tourism products and services in natural areas, it is often the marketing infrastructure and management that receives priority and the development of research and educational programmes are an after-thought. The potential to use the vastly expanding knowledge that we have with regard to natural and human system in the educational programmes for ecotourism is not only important, but essential to long term sustainability. Any attempt to implement sustainable practices that do not incorporate educational programmes will be self-defeating. With a view to achieve the above objectives, SLEF established, First ever Data Base on Research and Training for Ecotourism in Sri Lanka and south Asian Region (RETSA) in 2003 and Asia-Pacific Center for Ecotourism Researches and Training (APCERT) in 2009

• SLEF is conducting regular advance training programmes on Ecotourism Interpretation for the National Tourist Guide Lecturers, Chuffer Guide Lecturers, Students in Universities and other higher educational institutes and Community Based Ecotourism Enterprises (CBE) activists in collaboration with Sri Lank Tourist Board, Public/private sector and other local and international non-profit non-governmental organizations

• SLEF pioneered to promote and popularize the concept of Community Based Ecotourism Enterprises (CBEs) in Sri Lanka to assure socioeconomic and socio-cultural benefits to the communities through tourism and there by to alleviate poverty

• SLEF initiated and supported to establish many CBEs through out Sri Lanka in collaboration with other like minded organizations

• SLEF established a National Network in Community Based Ecotourism in Sri Lanka

• SLEF founded Sri Lanka Eco tours (SLET) as a 'model Travel Agency', a first of its kind in Sri Lanka with a view to fund the community development programmes initiated by the Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation and other like minded community tourism organizations. SLET is the only commercial tourism travel agent in Sri Lanka that supports directly to sustain community base ecotourism projects in Sri Lanka.

• SLEF initiated a foster Parents Programmer (FPP) with the generous financial assistance offered by the international friends and well-wishers of SLEF and Sri Lanka Eco Tours. Under this Programme, SLEF has identified 28(twenty eight) school-going children living in a poverty-stricken fishing village at Dodanduwa, in the south-coast of Sri Lanka, that was severely affected by tsunami in 2004. for two years, these children have been provided with financial support on monthly basis by way of scholarships and other assistance such as stationery, uniforms, sports goods, occasional recreation programmes, and complete package of Computer raining etc.

• SLEF requested the Minister of tourism and the Chairman, Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority to support community based ecotourism as a tool to alleviate poverty in Sri Lana. In response, the Ministry of Tourism has set up an Advisory Panel to Promote Community Based Ecotourism in Sri Lanka. SLEF in the Coordinator of this panel.

SLEF initiated Community Based Tourism Programs in association with Ministry of Tourism and other International Donor Organizations

Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation is happy to be the pioneers of initiating Community Based Ecotourism Enterprises (CBEs) in Sri Lanka and leading the way forward. Community Based Tourism is a widely discussed subject in the tourism circles at present. In other words, tourism could be used as a tool to assure socioeconomic and socio cultural benefits to the communities in tourism generation rural areas in Sri Lanka. In realizing the above objectives, SLEF has initiated many Community Based Ecotourism Projects in different parts of rural areas of Sri Lanka. Some of them are directly initiated and support by the SLEF itself and some CBEs are working hand in hand with SLEF. As a principle SLEF supports any sort of Community Based Ecotourism Project established by National or International Organizations, such as Sarvodaya Tourism nitiatves, Sewa Lanka Foundation, Sri Lanka Australia Natural Resources Management Project (SLANRMP), Forest Department , ICEI-Institute Cooperation Economic Interminable, Biodiversity and Elephant Conservation Trust, Rainforest Rescue International (RRI) etc. In recognizing the bales of community Based Tourism (CBT), the Ministry of Tourism Sri Lanka has appointed and advisory Panel recently to develop community based tourism. Palitha Gurusinghe, President, SLEF, has been appointed as Member and coordinator to the panel. The main objective of this panel is to ensure unified and inclusive approach to dcelop and sustainable tourism in Sri Lanka tourism is accordingly committed to promote community based tourism that trickiest down to the benefits to the communities and look in to the matters, such as how best in Sri Lanka Tourism could get the support of the community based tourism organizations and stakeholders in Sri Lanka. Ecotourism should use as a tool to alleviate poverty in the tourism generating areas, to strengthening the institutional capacity of the community and in the process to motivate the local communities to be involved in the complete tourism development process, from the planning stage to the complete tourism development process, form the planning stage to the implementation and management, through avenge of consultation and partnership. He also emphasized that community Based Ecotourism Enterprises (CBEs) are the base to develop genuine ecotourism fabric in a county. Because poor communities often see ecotourism as one of the few livelihoods open to them. Communities, whose members are living in poverty invariably, find their young people migrate to urban centers, because of the decline in traditional industries such as agriculture and fishing. Ecotourism can prevent this 'Urban Drift' and provide an essential alternative income. National and International Partners of Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation During past years, Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation has closely been working with many national and international organizations to promote ecotourism in Sri Lanka. At home the SLEF is working closely with Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority and Sri Lanka Tourism Promortion Bureau the national statutory bodies for he development of commericial tourism in Sri Lanka, Ministy of tourism, Ministy of Enviornment and natural Resources, German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), Sri Lanka Australia Natural Resource Management Project (SLANRMP), The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Sewalanka Foundation, Institute Cooperation Economical International (ICEI) Sri Lanka, FK Network and many other like minded organizations in the private and public sector. Other international partners working very closely with SLEF are Malaysian Ecotourism Society, Laos National Tourism Administration ( LNTA) Japan Ecolodge Association (ECOLA) Ecotourism Society of Pakistan (ESP) Asia-pacific forum of Environmental Journalists (APFEJ), Katmandu Environmental Education Project ( KEEP) Atsumi Family in Japan, Hamilton Weston family in England, Alvin and Lillian chandi family Netherlands, Jean-Yves and heisting Footmark and Annike Letag families in France helping tremendously on the programmes initiated by SLEF to support the community including the foster parents Project in Dodanduwa, Sri Lanka. Insider-Tours Sri Lanka based in UK and headed by Vasantha Kumar, Chairman and the Managing Director and his wife Harriet are the main Tourism partners of Sri Lanka Eco tours and Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation. Since 2003 Kumar has been sending a lot of up market ecotourists ton SLEF/SLET enabling to sustain the two organizations. Kumar also is instrumental in mobilizing a lot of support from UK and other parts of the world for the community programmes including the foster Parents Proramme initiated by SLEF.SLET The main international Partner of SLEF is Fredskorpset (FK) Oslo, Norway has been supporting the SLEF SINCE 2003 to build up the institutional capacity of the organization under the South-South Professional Volunteer Exchange program. The SLEF is really indebted to the FK for its generous support offered enabling the Organization to embark and complete varied ecotourism programmes which are of national regional and international importance. FK also came forward to assist SLEF in regeneration of community based ecotourism projects the main live hood of the communities in the south of Sri Lanka destroyed by the Tsunami Since 2001 the SLEF has maintained very cordial relationship with Ecotourism Association of Australia (EAA) now called as Ecotourism Australia. During last 5 years the Ecotourism Australia has invited SLEF for all its National conferences. SLEF has been recognized by the Ecotourism Australia as the 'National Ecotourism Organization in Sri Lanka' to take part at the Ecotourism Australia – 2006 International Conference and the meeting of National Ecotourism Associations world wide. These innovative conferees were held in tropical North Queensland town of Townsville in Australia. The theme of the conference was" Ecotourism: Building on Natural Advantages" the conference was held with great success, gathering around 300 delegates from 21 countries. Townville city Council secured sponsorship for 15 community-based delegates including SLEF to attend the 2006 International Ecotourism Conference. These delegates were supported by local businesses, organizations, Australian and Migrant Community groups interested in sharing experiences and knowledge with the delegates from all over the world.

The international Ecotourism Society (TIES) and Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation (SLEF)

SLEF was the first professional Ecotourism Association in Sri Lanka to join then the ecotourism Society (TES) now known as the international Ecotourism Society (TIES) in 1998. The SLEF was an active member of TIES for many years and participated most of the programmers and activates initiated and launched by the TIES time to time. Prior to the World Ecotourism Summit (WES) and during the international Year of Ecotourism (IYE), TIES conducted important preparatory conferences in Asia Pacific Region, South Asia and Latin America. One such conference – the South Asian Regional Conference in Ecotourism (SARCE) was held in Gangtok, Sikkim, India in 2002. In this conference SLEF played an important role as a steering committee member of the SARCE in association with the host organization Ecotourism and Conservation Society of Sikkim (ECOSS). During past years SLEF worked closely with TIES in taking part in many activities and events initiated and organized by TIES including the Global Ecotourism Conference (GEC) held in Oslo, Norway, in 2007. In appreciation of the services rendered by the SLEF Palitha Gurusinghe the founding President of SLEF has been appointed to the Advisory Board of TIES in May 2010. Asia Pacific Regional Ecotourism Council (APREC) Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation (SLEF) supported by the international Ecotourism Society (TIES) Sri Lanka tourism and many other academic and tourism organizations Sri Lanka, hosted the Asia Pacific regional Ecotourism Conference (APREC 2009) in Colombo Sri Lanka from 7-8th May 2009. Theme of APREC was ….. To given "voice to Asia-Pacific region" that can be heard in the wider global forum of discussions… The event had been successfully concluded with an endorsement of Colombo Declaration, unanimously accepted by all Sri Lankan and Foreign Delegates attended. "The Asia Pacific Regional Ecotourism conference 2009 (APREC 2009) aimed to promote and strengthen Community Based Ecotourism (CBE) in the Asia-Pacific region and to increase the competitiveness of CBE Products and services world wide inter-and intra-regional tourism markets. The world tourism organization (UNWTO) believes that tourism-which has become own to the millennium Development Goals (MDGs) regarding poverty alleviation. At the Johannesburg Summit on " Sustainable Development in 2002, UNWTO launched the inactive 'Sustainable Tourism as an effective too for Eliminating Poverty" (ST-EP) inviting UN agencies, governments, Donor agencies, NGOs and other stakeholder to join in a concentrated effort to make these mechanism work" Asia-Pacific regional Ecotourism Council (APREC) was formed during ASIA-PACIFIC REGIONAL ECOTOURISM CONFERENCE (APREC 2009) and the Secretariat was established in Colombo, Sri Lanka until the next conference is convened. See full conference info, presentations etc www.aprec2009.org

SLEF has developed an Encolodge Project recently which is eco nature and environment and people friendly. SLEF is of the view that the term 'Ecologe' defined under the principles of ecotourism is often being abused most by the nature based accommodation facility built within the star class hotel premises or adjoining land areas, pristine nature locations using traditional construction materials such as wattle and daub, bamboos and thatched with coconut kadjan or illuk just cannot be called and 'Ecolodge. It is just' green washing!' if it is to be genuine encode the developer should support conservation of surrounding environment, help to improve living standers of surrounding communities, provide education to local and foreign guests and assure economic benefits to the local community. There are several important international criterion in developing ecolodges, such as help to conserve surrounding flora & fauna, facilitate to work together with local communities, offer international programmes to educate on surrounding natural & cultural events, use sustainable use of water careful handing of solid waste & waste water sustainable use of energy & renewable energy sources use of traditional building materials & technology have minimum impact on natural & surrounding environments fits into specific physical & cultural context-form landscape etc. assist socio-cultural and socioeconomic development of the local community though education programmers & researches etc. The Ecolodge Project developed by the SLEF meets requirement mentioned above. The SLEF will help the prospective tourism developers to transform their idling beautiful land to nature friendly ecotourism business ventures within a short period of time such as 30 days. Anyway any terrain in Sri Lanka! This sort of development is ideally suited for Forest gardens lands located in the vicinity of national parks, nature reserves, overlooking water fronts, waterfalls, rivers, lakes etc on the beach in cultural and heritage surroundings overlooking mountain rages, paddy fields, mangrove forests and wetlands. SLEF Ecolodge Project is community supportive which assures the community of direct alternative income. All construction works of the ecolodges are handled by the local community using their traditional know-how. SLEF requests all the tourism accommodation developers in Sri Lanka to be proud partners in promoting sustainable tourism fabric in Sri Lanka! In this effort, SLEF could guide developers on how to develop their tourism business to be a viable venture and to make Sri Lanka a 'Greener Tourism Destination' by incorporating the following genuine ecotourism covets such as Agro Tourism, Organic Farming and farm tourism community Based tourism Heritage and culture tourism wildlife and forest tourism camping tourism spiritual and wellness tourism and many more diverse segments of ecotourism businesses which bring the developer a substantial income. SLEF also could help the prospective developers not only build their dream lodges but also undertake to promote marketing of their accommodation units to domestic and international up-market tourists. SLEF package includes free marketing promotion of the prospective business though it's well established local and international networks, websites electronic and print media. SLEF also pleased to help the developers in obtaining of required clearance from the tourism and environmental authorities and to provide them with internationally accredited Eco-labeling and certification.

Internships and Voluntourism in Sri Lanka with SLEF.

Please down load PDF to see a Profile on Internships and Voluntourism of the 2 EVS from Spain-2016

Asia Pacific Regional Ecotourism Council (APREC)

Madurawala Tourism Development Foundation

(UNWTO) Asia Pacific

Asia-Pacific Regional Ecotuorism Council (APREC)

www. ecotourism.org

ecotourism conference.org

First South Asia Sub Regional Tourism Forum

Walawa Nadee Ecotourism Organitation

'RESPONSIBLE TOURISM WITHOUT BOUNDARIES' Documentary DVD on Ecotourism and Community Based Tourism released

Volume-02 May, 2012

Volume-01 January, 2012

SLEF Network Links

Design by lk3dillusion

Commited to 100% Renewable Power

Kalundewa Retreat Agro Tourism

INTRODUCTION

As one of the more favourite eco friendly hotels in Sri Lanka, we at Kalundewa Retreat wish to make your holiday most enjoyable and meaningfully memorable in many ways. Among numerous ways to spend your time, you also have the option to stretch yourself from just observing to actively involving yourself in agro tourism and briefly experience the life of a farmer!

In Sri Lanka, cultivation is strictly divided into two main seasons; namely, Yala & Maha . The main cultivation season is the Maha season which commences in early November and ends in March. Yala season commences in April and ends around early October. The timing of the commencement of agricultural activities in these two seasons coincides with the two main monsoons, namely the North/ East Monsoon and South / West monsoon. The North / East monsoon commences by end October or early November and records the highest rainfall for the year and is therefore, most suitable for paddy cultivation. The South/ West monsoon normally commences in early May and records very much lesser rainfall and is ideal for vegetable cultivation. Around forty-five acres of land is brought under cultivation at Kalundewa Retreat during these two seasons and much activity can be seen in the fields and affords the best opportunity for guests to familiarize themselves with the traditional methods of cultivation adopted in the dry zone of Sri Lanka and also engage with the rural farming community.

MAHA SEASON

1st to 30th November – Land Preparation for Paddy Cultivation.

The season commences with a traditional “Wap Magul Ceremony” or the “Ceremony to Plough fields”. Here the hotel guests can join the farming community. This traditional ceremony commences with the ploughing of the first field with buffaloes and ends with the serving of the “ Ambula ”, the traditional meal at the field.  The ceremony also highlights offerings to the ‘Deities’ for a successful season of cultivation.

Guests could also learn to observe or participate in traditional as well as modern methods of land preparation. Traditional methods include ploughing the fields using buffaloes, methods used to control weeds by flooding the fields, observing the very intricate methods of diverting water to the entire plot of land, levelling of the fields to ensure equal and efficient distribution of water etc. Guests can opt for a guided tour with our resident naturalist or just walk around themselves, interact with the farmers, and make their own observations.

1st to 20thDecember – Sowing of paddy and transplanting of seedlings into the field.

During this period guests could observe or participate in the traditional methods of sowing paddy and transplanting of seedlings into the field. The customs adopted by the farmers before the commencement of sowing or transplanting could also be observed. They could also partake in the traditional refreshments (Ambula) shared by farmers to those helping in transplanting the seedlings.

December to February – Fertilizing, Weeding and Pest control.

Guests could join the farmers in community weeding of the fields, observe the traditional methods of pest control such as “ khema ” etc. and share a meal with the farmers.

March to April – Harvesting.

The first harvesting ceremony commences under the patronage of the owners of the land. Hotel guests could join in this colourful and interesting event organized with the participation of all farmers and hotel staff. The first sheaf of paddy is traditionally harvested by the owner of the land.

This is a season of much rejoicing by the farming community on the successful cultivation of their fields. It also heralds the beginning of the New Year season of the country. The day’s events will again end with a traditional “ Ambula ”, served by the owners of the field.

YALA SEASON

Mid April to end May –Preparation of fields for vegetable cultivation, establishment of plant nurseries.

A large and varied variety of vegetables are cultivated during this season. Onion, chillies, aubergine, okra, sweet potato, radish, beetroot, leeks and ground nuts usually fill the fields during this period.

June – Planting of seed and transplanting of seedlings.

According to the types of crops, nurseries are set up and planting of seeds take place. After a few days’ time , seedlings are transplanted in the fields.

Hotel guests can do a field tour with our resident naturalist, learning different farming skills of this phase.

July to August – Tending vegetable plots and Plant protection activity.

A field tour could be organized for guests.

September to October – Harvesting of crops.

Harvesting of crops is an enjoyable activity.  Guests could work alongside the farmers and give a hand to them. They could observe the traditional participation of family labour and could also be encouraged to take a ride with the farmers to the market at Dambulla and see for themselves the methods of purchase and disposal, which are both interesting and novel. The system of unofficial banking linked to cultivation and disposal of produce would be of much interest to guests.

FRUIT PLANTS

Kalundewa Retreat is the only hotel that boasts of over thirty varieties of fruit trees within its extensive premises. The main fruiting season is from March to May and again from August to September and in rare instances, in December.

VEGETABLE GARDEN

Under the direct supervision of the Chef of Kalundewa Retreat, a herb & vegetable garden is grown. Over 150 varieties of plants are planted in its greenhouse or outside for exclusive use of its guests. Guests could visit this facility with our chef, touch, feel, learn and smell their aromas of some of the exotic organic foods that will be included in their meals!

Awards and Affiliations

Sri Lanka travel advice, tips and destination information...

• Agro tourism / Jetwing Hotels / Tailormade Experiences / Things to do in Sri Lanka

Agro tourism in Sri Lanka

by Jetwing · Published April 28, 2016 · Updated May 6, 2016

Sri Lanka has a long history of agriculture which has been developed over a course of 2500 years . This includes ancient irrigation tanks, and plantations and paddy cultivation systems. While this is mainly appreciated by a niche market of agro-tourists, Sri Lanka is an ideal location to experience the agriculture as well as the way of life of the local people of Sri Lanka.

There are different types of agro tourism in Sri Lanka. They mainly focus about educational, recreational and income as well. Here are the main 7 categories of agro tourism in Sri Lanka;

• Food production (vegetable/pumpkin farm)
• Animal farms (sheep farm, fish farm)
• Markets and retail (annual festival)
• Plants and gardens (Greenhouse)
• Overnight stays (camping – farm vacation)
• Features (Angry cultural museum)
• Activities (Farm wedding)

Paddy Fields, Sri Lanka

What experiences are part of agro-tourism?

With similarities to the eco-tourism in Sri Lanka, agro-tourism is set apart by attracting tourists to experience agriculture and way of life surrounding it.

A few other experiences you can take back with you while on an agro-tour include;

• Growing, harvesting and processing locally grown foods
• Cooking local food using local utensils and methods
• Experiencing lake fishing
• Buying locally produced crafts, clothes, and fresh agriculture products

Capsicum grown in local village

Popular places for agro-tourism in Sri Lanka

Most agro-tourism experiences are taken as excursions, for example by taking a village trek in Hiriwaduna . However there are some locations which provide accommodation right in the middle of the paddy fields and villages to give a better experience with the locals.

Popular locations for agro-tourism include the locations in Central, Uva and Southern provinces of the country for paddy cultivation and other cultivations like tea, rubber and coconut. However the hill country is also a top pick for vegetable and dairy farming.

Village trek in Hiriwaduna, Hiriwaduna, Sri Lanka

Type of Accommodation

Accommodations are mostly basic, mainly to give guests more experience through the surrounding activities than merely the hotel stay. However there are a few luxury properties that do provide agro tourism experiences, while providing the best accommodation.

Presently, newly built Jetwing Kaduruketha is the popular hotel for agro-tourism is in Sri Lanka. The property occupies a small space in the 60acre land of that is mainly used for cultivation of paddy. This gives guests easy access to experience the culture and daily life of the farming community.

Jetwing Kaduruketha, Wellawaya, Sri Lanka

For more information email: [email protected] Call 00 9411 2462 7739 or visit our website for more information: www.srilankatailormade.com

Tags: Jetwing Kaduruketha srilanka village trek in Hiriwaduna

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Agro Tourism in Sri Lanka

Agro tourism is a concept which has gained immense popularity in the recent past. There are many tourists nowadays traveling to exotic destinations, looking for a unique experience in farms or fields. Indeed, this is one of the best ways to spend your holiday! You will get the chance to learn about different cultivation and farming methods and appreciate the manner in which farmers work.

Feilds You Can Do Agro Tourism

Sri Lanka is a charming little island which has a rich history linked to agriculture. Indeed, the country is proud of its paddy cultivation industry which dates back to 2,500 years. There are many paddy fields in the country as well as ancient reservoirs and tanks. These magnificent reservoirs, which were built so many centuries ago, still sustain the agriculture industry in the country.

Sri Lanka is also known to be the fourth largest tea manufacturer in the world. When you travel to the Hill Country of Sri Lanka you will get the chance to witness the rich splendor of tea estates , carpeting the mountain slopes in luminous sheen. Those who interest in agro tourism can certainly look forward to experience in these magnificent tea estates too.

Rubber plantation is also quite popular in Sri Lanka and there are several rubber factories located in the country. You will be able to visit these factories and learn the process of rubber tapping during your agro tourism tour.

Even the many farms in Sri Lanka are open to those who like to enjoy agro tourism. Milking cows is one of the activities that you will be able to enjoy as you visit the farms in Sri Lanka.

Get in touch with Green Holiday Centre if you want to have an agro tourism tour arranged in the country. You will get the chance to learn more about the flourishing agriculture industry in country with great ease this way.

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Sri Lanka’s eco-tourism efforts are paying off – here’s how

How eco-tourism is helping Sri Lanka protect its incredible biodiversity, boost forest cover and support local communities

Story By Smriti Daniel

Photographs By Suda Shanmugaraja

10 min read

Published On April 9, 2021 Updated On August 25, 2021

I brace myself against the side of the minivan as we rattle down the remote red dirt track leading to The Mudhouse . The wheels scrabble for grip and the driver slows to a crawl. Buffalo – with a dozen egrets along for the ride on their backs – have created a traffic jam, while a land monitor dallies in the centre of the road, its thick reptilian tail dragging in the dust.

We finally arrive at and pass through a wooden archway, beyond which narrow roads radiate out through a thickly wooded property. About three hours away from Colombo , The Mudhouse is our first stop on a six-day journey into the heart of Sri Lanka that begins near the coast, moves through the central plains and finally winds up into the hills. (The Mudhouse is temporarily closed due to Covid, please check its website for updates.)

We travel by car, boat and bicycle, abandoning the crowded highways for the B roads that straggle through villages and run alongside reservoirs. Where the road stops, our feet carry us deeper into the woods, higher up into the hills. With every step, Sri Lanka reveals itself.

Eco-tourism is the current buzzword since the new president Gotabaya Rajapaksa embraced “sustainable environmental management” as one of his 10 key election policies in 2019. When it comes to drawing visitors to these shores, it’s clear that sustainable food, eco-tourism and wildlife conservation are a winning trifecta. Add to this the gentler pace of slow travel, and you have something quite magical.

In Sri Lanka, this is beginning to seem less like a trend, and more like a way of life. Certainly, Ranjit Kumaratunge, who co-owns The Mudhouse , was living like this long before anyone told him it was fashionable. Tonight, we’re staying in the original mud house, the one Kumaratunge –Kumar to all – first constructed for himself back in 2003.

The 45-year-old flashes his infectious smile as he shares how he grew up right here in Anamaduwa. While he briefly toyed with the idea of settling along the coast, Kumar wound up buying a piece of land close to home in 2002. It occupied less than quarter of a hectare, overlooked a lake and had been denuded by slash-and-burn cultivation.

Kumar began a serious reforestation effort and chose to build his house in the way locals had always done in this area: using mud straight from the earth, clay from the termite mounds, dung from the cows, thatch from local trees and grass from the surrounding fields. By 2003, Kumar had a hut to call home.

He met The Mudhouse ’s co-founder, Tom Armstrong, when the latter came to Sri Lanka as a volunteer teacher. By 2005, the two friends were in business, buying land from their neighbours to build The Mudhouse , which currently offers five clusters of accommodation – each capable of holding several guests. Some are designed for family living, with multiple beds, while others are aimed at couples. Everything here is done by hand as none of these spaces are connected to the grid, and only limited solar power is available outside the main house.

Kumar has since bought even more land from his neighbours and employs about 40 villagers at the property. They come to cook and clean, grow produce at the on-site organic farm and lead expeditions to local sites. Kumar also encourages guests to plant trees to help offset their carbon footprint. As I take my turn, settling a young kumbuk sapling into a fresh hole, he takes a picture for his database.

By planting some 1,000 new trees since 2003 on his 24.2ha property and allowing the ones already there to thrive, Kumar has created a wildlife sanctuary. A scurry of giant squirrel residents can be seen chasing each other across the clearings. Mouse deer, timid and solitary, wander the grounds at night, their eyes reflecting in the torch light. There are also slender grey loris, fishing cats, toque monkeys, peacocks, star tortoises and land monitors on the pathways. It is a veritable Eden.

Mahesh Weeraman, the 32-year-old resident naturalist, has spent the last few months trying to identify the number of birds here; for now, his estimate is close to 100 different species. He and a team of conservationists are also setting up camera traps to better identify the animals roaming the grounds.

Still, with lots left to enjoy, we push on towards the heart of Sri Lanka’s “Cultural Triangle”, where the tangled roots of the forest creep onto the green hills of the Minneriya Giritale Sanctuary. The road to Back of Beyond Wild Haven in Dehigaha Ela is enough to intimidate even the most experienced drivers: It features deep ruts and a rough surface, and in the early evening, you have a good chance of finding an elephant blocking your path.

For Yohan Weerasuriya, the founder of Back of Beyond, it’s all part of the charm. People come here for the treehouses that stand in a small clearing surrounded by tall illuk grass and are filled with the sound of running water from the nearby stream.

Reserved but direct, Weerasuriya gives the impression of a man who doesn’t miss much. He divides his time between the eight properties Back of Beyond manages across the island and can often be found wandering the grounds in flip-flops and a t-shirt.

A pioneer of sustainable eco-tourism in Sri Lanka, he built some of the first treehouses on the island for tourists. Having played for hours in one as a child, he was determined to recreate that magic with Back of Beyond , which first opened in 2007.

Despite the success of Back of Beyond , it has not been without challenges. According to Weerasuriya, a truly sustainable approach is complex, requiring companies to pay attention to materials used in construction. Careful water management and how large a carbon footprint the property creates in its day-to-day running are just two of many other considerations.

It can also be challenging to get communities on board. In fact, just outside the borders of this property, villagers have cleared and farmed protected forest lands, and the camera traps set on this property have captured evidence of poaching. Through it all, Weerasuriya has persevered and continued to buy private forested lands around the country, with the hope to create a network of like-minded folks willing to invest in reforestation and build a series of forested corridors that connect critical wildlife spaces across the island.

In Sri Lanka, elephants and farmers have long been locked in conflict. Chena cultivators, who liberally deploy slash-and-burn techniques, have been eating away at protected lands. Elephants, understandably, do not recognise boundaries set by humans. The island needs to do more to protect these shrinking habitats, and engineer solutions that would allow humans and elephants to co-exist.

In a year where Sri Lanka lost a record number of elephants to the human-elephant conflict, and where tensions between villagers and their mammoth neighbours are at a peak, Back of Beyond ’s Nature Conservancy project envisions ways in which eco-tourism, conservation and agriculture can go hand in hand.

The first of its kind in Sri Lanka, the project is designed to improve forest cover on Back of Beyond ’s properties through strategic tree planting as well as assisted natural re-generation ( ANR ). Guests contribute simply by staying at these locations but can also participate in reforestation and volunteer their time and expertise where relevant.

After a few hours of traipsing through the woods around the property, Weerasuriya tells me simply: “These are the luxuries we offer here: peace, solitude, proximity to nature.”

The next morning, we begin our final leg of travel that takes us from the heat of these central plains to the hills, where tea covers the rolling slopes like a carpet of green, and the Ceylon Tea Trails ’ five bungalows, part of the family-owned Dilmah Tea Company , lie scattered like a necklace around the stunning emerald waters of the Castlereagh Reservoir .

Standing at the historic Dilmah tea factory, resident naturalist Rohan Gunasekara points to a ridge covered in patch forest. The 18km-long ridge is part of a stretch spanning the entire Bogawantalawa Valley , home to an estimated 29 leopards. Given that the sanctuary at Horton Plains National Park has about 13 leopards per 100km², this is a genuinely impressive number for an area of unprotected forest.

“We offer peace, solitude and proximity to nature”

The centre was founded after several leopards were snared and killed by locals, prompting Dilmah to partner up with The Wilderness and Wildlife Conservation Trust ( WWCT ), created by zoologist Dr Andrew Kittle and ecologist Anjali Watson.

The patch forest forms an important corridor between two sections of the Peak Wilderness National Park , and Dilmah hopes that by supporting reforestation here, they will create a viable haven for the wildlife in this area.

The work WWTC is doing connects back to Sigiriya, where the two Back of Beyond properties join this one in the central highlands as part of WWCT ’s Patch Forest Project and serve as critical research sites.

With Sri Lanka’s primary rainforest shrinking dramatically from roughly 80% to 20% in the past decades, and potential for human-animal conflict growing across the country, protecting the leopard, an umbrella species, indirectly conserves the many species that occupy the same habitat. The research here can answer important questions about how leopards and humans can peacefully co-exist. Such insights can also help travel operators take constructive steps toward protecting wildlife, which will only continue to draw tourists, says Watson.

In the end, it’s the memories of these forests I take with me. Here, I find echoes of the past, of the rich primitive jungles that once dominated this landscape, and glimpses of a brighter, more environmentally conscious future.

Sustainable eats in Sri Lanka

This luxury hotel on the shores of Koggala Lake boasts farm-to-table and lake-to-plate dining using organic and seasonal ingredients. Expect delicious Sri Lankan fusion dishes like a Maldivian fish hopper amuse bouche and smoked wattalapam (coconut custard) panna cotta.

Polwaththa Eco Lodges

Enjoy local produce and organic wild coffee grown around the property. Take a cooking lesson here to master Sri Lankan classics like jackfruit curry and pol sambol (a condiment of chilli pepper, coconut and red onion)

Jetwing Kaduruketha

Sitting in the middle of working paddy fields, this hotel grows its own rice and vegetables. Signature dining experiences include a farmer’s lunch in a village home and a candlelit dinner in the fields.

Please check the establishments’ respective websites for opening hours as well as booking requirements before visiting, and remember to adhere to safe-distancing measures while out and about. 

The information is accurate as of press time. For updated information, please refer to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’  website .

To learn more about Singapore Airlines flights, visit  singaporeair.com .

SEE ALSO: Three eco-tours to experience Sri Lanka’s mangrove forests

This article was originally published in the March 2020 issue of Silkwinds magazine and updated on 9 April 2021.

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Email address, [email protected], office address, department of agriculture, p.o.box. 01, peradeniya, agro tourism, agro technology park, gannoruwa.

Agro Technology Park Gannoruwa is one of the finest of its kind in Sri Lanka maintain by the department of Agriculture. In the tropical climate of Kandy, the gateway to the central highlands, the park is bounded on three sides by a loop of river Mahaweli at Gannoruwa. Where there are majority of agricultural related institutions are located. The total area is 2km2. The mean elevation above sea level is about 1550 ft (473m). Since the working committee of the park consists of representatives from following units, this place is ideal for efficient management.

Chamal Rajapaksha Agro Technology And Tourism Park, Bataatha

One of great Agro Technology Park is situated in Hambantota District. Park entrance near the Matara – Kataragama main road in the village of Bataatha.

Agro Technology Park, Sita Eliya

Bata atha Agricultural Technology Park is situated in the Kataragama main road in the village of Batatha in the Ambalantota Divisional Secretariat Division in Hambantota District.

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Welcome to the Enchanting World of Eco-Tourism in Sri Lanka

INTRODUCTION Sri Lanka, often referred to as the "Pearl of the Indian Ocean," is a tropical paradise that boasts a rich cultural heritage and breathtaking natural beauty. With its lush rainforests, pristine beaches, and diverse wildlife, this island nation has become a prime destination for eco-tourism enthusiasts. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ECO-TOURISM IN SRI LANKA Eco-tourism in Sri Lanka is not merely a trend but a way of life promoting responsible travel and conservation. The country's commitment to sustainable tourism has garnered international recognition, making it a top choice for nature lovers and adventure seekers. Sri Lanka is home to various flora and fauna, including many endangered species. By engaging in eco-tourism activities, visitors have the opportunity to appreciate and preserve this invaluable biodiversity. Moreover, the revenue generated from eco-tourism plays a vital role in supporting local communities, protecting natural habitats, and promoting environmental education. UNIQUE EXPERIENCES AWAIT From the misty mountains of the central highlands to the sun-kissed beaches along the coastline, Sri Lanka offers a wide range of eco-tourism experiences that cater to all interests. Let's delve into a few of the remarkable adventures that await you: 1. WILDLIFE SAFARIS Embark on a thrilling safari in one of Sri Lanka's national parks, such as Yala or Wilpattu, and witness the majesty of its wildlife up close. Keep your eyes peeled for elephants, leopards, sloth bears, and many bird species. These protected areas provide a haven for these animals, ensuring their continued survival for future generations. 2. RAINFOREST EXPLORATION Venture into the heart of Sri Lanka's verdant rainforests, such as Sinharaja or Knuckles, and immerse yourself in a world teeming with life. Trek through lush trails, listen to the symphony of bird calls and marvel at the cascading waterfalls hidden within this natural wonderland. 3. MARINE CONSERVATION Dive into the crystal-clear waters surrounding Sri Lanka and discover the vibrant coral reefs and marine life that lie beneath. Participate in coral reef restoration projects, observe sea turtles nesting along the beaches, and learn about preserving these fragile ecosystems. SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES Eco-tourism in Sri Lanka is built upon a foundation of sustainability and responsible practices. The country has implemented various initiatives to minimize its ecological footprint and ensure the longevity of its natural resources. Sri Lankan eco-lodges and resorts are designed to blend harmoniously with their surroundings, utilizing renewable energy sources, practicing waste management, and supporting local communities through employment and education. Additionally, eco-tourism operators emphasize the importance of ethical wildlife encounters, promoting observation from a safe distance without disturbing the animals or their habitats. LAST MINUTE NOTE Sri Lanka has emerged as a leading destination for eco-tourism, offering a unique blend of natural wonders, cultural heritage, and sustainable practices. By immersing yourself in the enchanting world of eco-tourism in Sri Lanka, you experience unforgettable adventures and contribute to preserving this ecological gem for generations to come.

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According to (Table 2) the efforts of the governmental organizations towards the sustainability of the environment and agriculture are appreciated. As explained by (Graham,2002). the less institutional capacity of addressing problems is a major reason for the poverty of the countries. As well, the lack of institutions that can sustain the economic policies and failures of development efforts are major issues in most countries such as Sri Lanka (Graham, 2002) cited in (Khan et al. 2020). However, considering agro-tourism practices at the present, the mediation and contribution of SLTDA and Tourism Promotion Bureau are not satisfactory. In the present scenario, these both responsible tourism authorities do not maintain favorable institutional relationships, coordination, and cooperation with other subjective bodies, especially are Department of Agriculture, the Department of Agrarian Services, and the Department of Irrigation in the process of developing industry of agro-tourism practices in Nuwara Eliya. Though certain ecotourism practices are undertaken with the participation of government and the private sector, agro-tourism is yet to be promoted as a part of it. Agro-tourism would be beneficial for the government to use as an economic strategy to upgrade the agricultural industry, quality of lives, the economy of ground-level communities that are involving in small-scale agricultural livelihoods related to vegetable and fruit farming, animal farming, and also fishing. According to the above Principle No. 5 which "Sustainable food and agriculture require responsible and effective governance mechanisms" would be achievable through the active participation and the contribution of the government and its responsible authorities to promote Agro-tourism in above mentioned agro-ecological regions in Nuwara Eliya, however currently mal-functioned.

Considering the current practices of agro-tourism in the Nuwara Eliya area, Pattipola and New Zeeland farm is operated as agro-tourism destinations. The population of Pattipola GN division is around 1726 and 90% of this population is occupied in agriculture-related livelihoods. Pattipola Strawberry farms are popular among tourists who enjoy agro-tourism. Hereby, tourists can join with Mushrooms, Potato, and fruit cultivation along with animal husbandry. Dairy and poultry farming are recently established in this destination under the project of "Divi Neguma" initiated by the Sri Lankan Government. Exotic fruits such as Strawberries, Oranges, Passion Fruits, Lime, Guava, Lemon, Peaches, Tomatillo, Locket, and Apples are cultivated at the commercial level to attract tourists. As well, Ambewela New Zealand Farm is also currently operated as an agro-tourism destination. Around 766 people are living in the Ambewela GN division and the majority of these villages are engaging in farming activities. Fruit and flower farming are practiced by the people in this destination in addition to dairy farming (Rambodagedara et al., 2015). These are the most prominent agro-tourism sites which are currently operated in Nuwara Eliya. However, these practices are inadequate to gain from agro-tourism for the community who are involving in agriculture in Nuwara Eliya. Therefore, the benefits of sustainable agriculture will not be equally distributed among stakeholders at the present. The majority of benefits of the agriculture sector are entertained by the large-scale business community while the small-scale farming community is being under-stressed and mal-functioned. Hereby, the traditional and rural Tea Pluckers are completely forgotten and cornered by the current practices of Agro-Tourism while the tea estates in remote areas are under-utilized in Nuwara Eliya. Consequently, Principle No. 3 of sustainable agriculture would be spoiled through the current practice of agro-tourism in Nuwara Eliya demonstrating inequality of income distribution towards rural farming people.

According to Table 1 , the majority of potential destinations have been unemployed in the current practices of agro-tourism in Nuwara Eliya. Above mentioned agro-ecological regions which are currently recognized as tourist destinations are not efficiently employed in the current practices of agro-tourism except Pattipola and Ambewela. The government and other authorities have not paid proper attention towards high potential villages such as Kandpola, Sitha-Eliya, Nanu Oya that can be promoted as agro-tourism destinations at the industrial level. Consequently, industrial and organizational capacity and efficiency of agro-tourism have been diminished in Nuwara Eliya as previously explained by (Graham, 2002).

Toppas and Windicorner are comparatively attractive destinations were situated at the entrance to Nuwara Eliya which is currently faded and covered with commercial advertisement banners. Therefore, these cultivations are not properly seen by the visitors who enter Nuwara Eliya. Principle No. 4 which is enhancing ecosystems is violated in this area by the people who are establishing vegetable stoles unnecessarily covering cultivations in this destination. Therefore, this area has become a noisy place crowded with sellers and hotel buildings. According to the above Table 1 , Nanu Oya is an ideal place for converting into an agro-tourism destination since Nanu Oya station is the most important access point in Nuwara Eliya with the railway station. Moreover, Nanu Oya is an important viewpoint in Nuwara Eliya which tourists can observe various natural sceneries including waterfalls, rivers, tea estates, mountains, valleys, etc. upon arrival. However, this significant agroecological destination is currently unemployed in agro-tourism in Nuwara Eliya. Therefore, these three places which are Toppas, Windicorner, and Nanu Oya should be promoted for agro-tourism in Sri Lanka since every tourist who visits Nuwara Eliya is passing through these agricultural areas before entering the city.

Shanthipura is a famous and most popular viewpoint which is situated on the way to Nuwara Eliya city moving through Toppas and Windicorner. However, people who visit this site do not experience Agro-tourism though it is being an agroecological destination that is enriched with various fruits and vegetables that can be tasted by the tourists. Currently, this destination is paid attention by the authorities only as a viewpoint, but as an agro-tourism site.

Further, Green Pear and Strawberries are high returned income generated crops grown in Ambewela, Toppas, Kandapola, Kalukele, and Nuwara Eliya which are currently not focused on by agro-tourism in Nuwara Eliya. Therefore, these cultivations are discouraged in the local commercial market due to the higher cost of production and purchase. Therefore, farmers do not encourage in cultivating such high-return crops since they are not able to spend much on them.

Nuwara Eliya city is the heart of the central province as the most popular tourism destination. However, the agricultural value of this region is limited for commercial purposes despite its agro-ecological features that can be important in agro-tourism. The rapid establishment of concrete buildings in this city diminishes the ecological and environmental values of the agricultural sites around the city area. Therefore, farmers who are dedicated for cultivate these urban sites are not gained by agro-tourism in Nuwara Eliya violating Principal No. 3 which sustaining the livelihoods, equity, and social well-being of these farming people. They are not gained by the tourism and sad stories of their lives are covered by the commercial purposes of businesses and industries. Their lives are hardly sustained through commercial agriculture in Nuwara Eliya. As well, these farmers are not effectively and efficiently used in the industry of tourism to promote agro-tourism in Nuwara Eliya demoting Principle No. 1 which “Improving efficiency in the use of resources is crucial to sustainable agriculture”. Therefore, the agriculture industry will not be sustained by the industry of tourism in Nuwara Eliya.

Principle No. 2 which “Sustainability requires direct action to conserve, protect and enhance natural resources” is often violated through this commercial agriculture since they are using chemicals and pesticides for rapid harvesting of the crops without using biochemicals. As well, this practice will spoil Principle No. 4 which is based on the sustainability of ecosystems related to agriculture. Hence, several agro-friendly worms, insects, animals, flora, and fauna are being endangered by using pesticides and weedicides.

According to the Environmental Audit Report, no: PER/B/2019/02 by Environmental Audit Division, National Audit Office, Sri Lanka, the environmental effect of using pesticides is mentioned as follows.

Table 3 shows the direct effect of pesticides on environment-friendly flora and fauna. Further, pesticide contamination of soil, underground, and surface water will cause negative impacts on society. If these practices would continuously occur, the ecosystems which are useful for protecting environmental balance will be destroyed. Therefore, sustainable agricultural methods should be adopted while promoting agro-tourism as a part of it.

been increased due to the use of chemicals and other artificial materials used in farming. Consequently, existing farming sites such as Kandapola, Nuwara Eliya, Toppas, Windicorner, Sitha Eliya are not attracted by the tourists who are appreciating ecological values. Environmental pollution especially occurred by commercial farming is negatively affected by ecological sustainability defined under Principle No. 4 of sustainable agricultural principles introduced by FAO.

The above review is emphasized that the sponsorship of the government and other authorized bodies for promoting agro-tourism is not satisfied. Therefore, most of the high potential agricultural resources and destinations are being under-utilized in the industry of agro-tourism due to the inefficiency of responsible authorities related to the tourism and agricultural sector in Sri Lanka. Further, the coordination failures between authorities, middle-level, and ground-level stakeholders are not enough strong to expand and develop agro-tourism in Nuwara Eliya. Hereby, the relationships among tour operators, hoteliers, and farmers have not been satisfactorily entertained in the current practices of agro-tourism. Farmers are not properly aware of this particular industry and they do not have a clear idea about the gains from agro-tourism in their day-to-day lives. Sustainable interactions and relationships between farmers and foreign tourists are not sustained by the language barriers. Local tourists are comparatively discouraged to experience agro-tourism than foreign tourists due to their negative attitudes regarding farming people and poor appreciation of indigenous farming communities. Therefore, the local market towards agro-tourism is hard to develop in Sri Lanka.

Above mentioned problems, deficiencies, and barriers of current practices in agro-tourism will be addressed in the next section providing suggestions and recommendations. The next section will provide a conclusion for this study while examining opportunities and possibilities in Nuwara Eliya to promote agro-tourism as an important part of sustainable tourism in the future.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

Sri Lanka is an agricultural country that is enriched with a sound cultural background focused on agriculture. As a modern trend, most countries are using agriculture to promote the tourism industry introducing agro-tourism. The term "Agro-tourism" is derived from "Rural Tourism" to sustain agriculture in rural areas while conserving eco-cultural resources and making benefits for the rural farming people by using tourism. Currently, Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka is an ideal agricultural destination that can be developed as an agro-tourism paradise as is a part of sustainable tourism practices. Therefore, this study examined the possibilities and potentials in the Nuwara Eliya area to promote agro-tourism adhering to the “Five Principles of Sustainable Agriculture” introduced by FAO. In this process, this research selected the most applicable 15 GN divisions which are recognized as Agro-Ecological Regions in Nuwara Eliya by Natural Resources Management Center (NRMC), Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka. The majority of these sample destinations are currently operated as ecotourism destinations in Nuwara Eliya. The provincial restrictions imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic were major limitations in this study for gathering primary data and field visits in the process of data collection. Hence, this research is composed of secondary qualitative and quantitative data and information extracted from archival research by using books, journals, research papers, articles, annual reports, and recently updated official websites related to the subjective disciplines. Hereby, a comparative analysis was carried out based on “Five Principles of Sustainable Agriculture” to investigate the problems, shortages, and deficiencies in current practices of agro-tourism in Nuwara Eliya.

As a result of the analysis, the study revealed that growing eco-cultural potential for agro-tourism can be found in Nuwara Eliya associating a variety of crop production. However, these resources are not properly managed and efficiently utilized by the current practices of agro-tourism due to the mal contribution, cooperation, and coordination of related governmental bodies especially, SLTDA, Tourism Promotion Bureau, Department of Agriculture, Department of Agrarian Services, and Department of Irrigation. The current agro-tourism practices operated in Pattipola and Ambewela are not sufficient to satisfy the global demand for agro-tourism in Nuwara Eliya. As well, the benefits of these practices are not equally distributed among farming people in Nuwara Eliya since the majority of areas are not favorably utilized by the agro-tourism operations towards social welfare. Moreover, the high usage of pesticides, fertilizer, and chemicals by the commercial agricultural farms in Nuwara Eliya is directly threatening to the sustainability of the environment and eco-systems. Poor knowledge and awareness of the stakeholders regarding the industry of agro-tourism, language barriers between foreign tourists and farming people are drawbacks for the development of agro-tourism in Nuwara Eliya.

Considering the future implications of this study, agro-tourism opportunities and potentials revealed in this study will be helpful to find new directions towards sustainable agriculture and tourism developments for the responsible authorities related to agriculture and tourism. Therefore, the indications and recommendations of this study would make mutual benefits for the agricultural sector and tourism sector at the commercial level in Sri Lanka. Further, this study will provide practical ideologies for future entrepreneurs who are willing to engage in tourism based on their agricultural background. As well, the implications of this study would deliver exceptions to extend the sustainable tourism practices while broadening the benefits for the farming community in the rural areas in Nuwara Eliya to upgrade their livelihoods while empowering rural women. Finally, it would provide a new approach and opportunity for the Eco-tourists who are experiencing and studying tropical agricultural patterns at a single ground at Nuwara Eliya sustaining the dimensions of the tourism industry in Sri Lanka.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Implementing sustainable tourism policy reforms

Sri Lanka tourism industry is still operated under the Tourism Act No. 38, 2005. Compared to emerging world trends of tourism, the existing act should be amended and tailored according to the various dimensions of current tourism practices especially for ecotourism composed with agro-tourism, rural-tourism, etc. introducing sustainable tourism approaches and opportunities to the stakeholders. Under these acts, the government can execute rules and regulations over environmental protection and cultural identities as an action towards eco-cultural conservations.

Establishing efficient coordination and corporation between subjective governmental bodies in the industry

According to (Figure 2) . the awareness programs, knowledge, and technology provided by tourism and agricultural authorities towards hoteliers and farmers will be returned as information for the authorities while experiences are entertained by tourists as feedbacks. Therefore, coordination and corporation between stakeholders are important to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the agro-tourism industry in future Nuwara Eliya.

Efficient use of Agro-Ecological regions as agro-tourism destinations

Department of Agriculture has identified 15 GN divisions in Nuwara Eliya area as agro-ecological regions. Therefore, there is a high potential of establishing agro-tourism sites by using these regions. Hereby, currently, Strawberry farming regions such as Shanthipura, Nuwara Eliya East and Central, Nanu Oya, Kandapola, Kalukelle, Bambarakelle, Toppas, and Windicorner can be promoted as Agro-tourism based Strawberry farms in addition to Pattipola. Hereby, the rural farming people in Shanthipura, Nanu Oya, Kandapola, Kalukelle, and Bambara Kelle could be joined to enhance the sustainability of agriculture while generating income through agro-tourism in Nuwara Eliya. As an initial step government can grant financial capital for these people to initiate strawberry farming at a commercial level for the tourists who come to Nuwara Eliya. In addition, Windicorner, Toppas, Nuwara Eliya East, and Central can be developed as Green Pear farming destinations for tourists who are willing to enjoy agro-tourism. Hereby, Strawberry and Green Pears can be promoted as high-income generated crops in Agro-tourism. Further, small tea estates located in rural and remote areas in Nuwara Eliya can be promoted as agro-tourism destinations to experience world-famous Ceylon tea culture for the visitors. Hereby, all the selected agro-ecological regions could be promoted for tea-tourism under the concept of agro-tourism in Nuwara Eliya.

Agricultural product diversification in Agro-tourism sites

In this process perennial crops such as Apple, Avocado, Grape Fruit, Lime, Orange, Pear, Peach, and Plum can be promoted in agro-ecological regions in Nuwara Eliya in addition to vegetable farming. Hereby, the agro-tourists will be able to experience a high range of crops in agro-tourism destinations in Nuwara Eliya. The remote rural areas such as Pattipola, Kandapola, Kalukelle, Bambara Kelle destinations can be utilized for animal husbandry using Cows, Goats, Horses, and Hens, since there are more spaces and meadows available with natural water resources. Consequently, agro-tourists would be able to enjoy and experience traditional animal husbandry methods additionally traditional crop agriculture in Nuwara Eliya.

Human resource development through Agro-tourism

Travel, and tourism provide more opportunities for human resource development while allowing women to workforce participation, leadership, entrepreneurship, and empowerment than other sectors. It reduces poverty in rural communities while generating benefits at both the micro and macro levels in rural areas (Bazazo, et al., 2017) cited in (Kobra, et al., 2019). Therefore, agro-tourism associated with flower farms in Nuwara Eliya would be a great opportunity for women to join and contribute to the tourism industry while earning benefits. Hereby, women's participation in tourism could be enhanced through agro-tourism while empowering the women towards leadership and entrepreneurship through flower and vegetable farming including tea in Nuwara Eliya. Further, small stalls could be established in agroecological regions where tourists could taste processed Fruit Salads, Fruit Juice, Vegetable Salads, Fresh Milk, and Tea, etc. at a reasonable controlled price. Hereby, the concept of “Hela Bojun” conducted by the Sri Lankan Government could be further promoted and expanded in these agro-tourism regions focusing on rural areas to empower rural women, promote youth employment, and gender equality. It would be beneficial to income generate for rural communities and promote employment opportunities for the rural people as self-entrepreneurs.

Agro-tourism activity product diversification

Agro-tourism activities are limited in the current practices in Nuwara Eliya at the present. Therefore, agro-tourism activity product diversification would be important to expand this industry. Hereby, Fruits and Vegetable plucking, harvesting can be introduced associating fruits and vegetable farms while providing opportunities for tea plucking for the tourists in rural tea estates in Nuwara Eliya. Milking cows, feeding animals, horseback riding around rural areas can be promoted around suggested animal farms in Pattipola, Kandapola, Kalukelle, and Bambara Kelle. Horseback riding will be interesting since tourists could be able to observe and feel the nature and the climate in Nuwara Eliya, especially in village areas. Hereby, tourists can observe the behaviors of animals while experiencing the village culture. Tourists can visit organic farms using traditional agricultural methods and join with seed harvesting in rural farms. Further, tourists would have the knowledge and experience of tea culture in Nuwara Eliya through the activities of visiting small-scale tea factories joining with traditional Tea Pluckers. Homestay with farm-to-table dining activities would be a most enthusiastic event for the foreign tourists in Nuwara Eliya as it allows tasting traditional foods while experiencing village lifestyles enriched with agriculture. These activities will provide educational and interpretational knowledge to the tourists regarding agriculture in Sri Lanka.

Introducing and promoting organic farming methods

Organic farming is important in promoting agro-tourism since it appreciates the sustainable survival of the environment and ecosystems. Therefore, introducing and promoting organic farming methods are essential in Nuwara Eliya. Organic farming will be beneficial for the environment, ecosystems, wildlife, farmers as well as consumers. Hereby, people can be encouraged to use compost to produce natural fertilizer reducing soil carbon losses, soil erosion, and water pollution. Organic fertilizers can be prepared by using natural sources such as livestock and poultry excreta, plant remains, biogas, and agricultural by-products. Adhering to these processes, organic tea, fruits, and vegetables can be promoted under the organic farming system in the agro-ecological regions in Nuwara Eliya. Consequently, sustainable qualities of agro-tourism will be enhanced through these practices in the future.

Inaugurating awareness programs for the stakeholders

In the process of promoting agro-tourism in Nuwara Eliya, the awareness programs should be launched in two specific ways. First, people should be aware of the attitudes and ethics of sustainable tourism practices. Hereby, workshops focused on farming people could be organized demonstrating the way of greeting, welcoming, treating, respecting, and dealing with the tourists who visit their farmlands. As well, positive attitudes should be fed into the minds of the farming people regarding the benefits that they can earn through sustaining agro-tourism. Secondly, hoteliers and farming people should be aware of the “Five Principles of Sustainable Agriculture” since these principles would help the farmers to enhance the sustainability of their farmlands. On this basis, awareness programs could be launched with the participation of SLTDA, Tourism Promotion Bureau, and NRMC along with the Department of Agriculture.

Facilitating technology for farming people

In the field of agriculture, technology is important to enhance its efficiency and effectiveness. In the case of agro-tourism farmers should be introduced sustainable methods of using technology. Hereby, introducing Digital Sensors are important to collect micro-climate data, measure the precise Ph level of the soil, and ensuring the sustainability of the products. Wireless Remote Irrigation Monitoring System is another sustainable technology that is enabling irrigation practices more efficient and sustainable. As well, Drones can be used as a tool for monitoring crop growing conditions. Moreover, Biotechnology will be useful to introduce more fast and precise breeding methods to the farmers. In the process of technology facilitation, government and related bodies such as the Department of Agriculture should contribute by providing agricultural loans for the farmers as a part of technology facilitation. Further, in the process of introducing technologies, the Meteorological Department and Department of Irrigation could be contributed.

Providing knowledge and education for the stakeholders

Knowledge and education regarding agro-tourism should be primarily given to the farmers and related communities. Hereby, farmers should be aware of the inter-relationship between tourism and agriculture and how this relationship about to be sustained through the interactions between farmers, tourists, and other responsible parties. In addition, the Department of Agriculture could share knowledge regarding sustainable agricultural methods, water management, and its practical usage towards environmental sustainability while serving tourists at their farming premises. Further, SLTDA and Tourism Promotion Bureau could guide the farmers to establish eco-friendly accommodations for the tourists to lodging with them and sharing agricultural experiences. It is important to launch foreign language training programs for the farming people for the basic communications with the foreign agro-tourists since language barriers are uncomfortable for maintaining inter-relationships sharing experiences between tourists and farmers.

Monitoring and certification of agro-tourism activities

Agro-tourism certification criteria should be granted for the agro-tourism practices in Nuwara Eliya based on “Five Principles of Sustainable Agriculture”. In this case, the agro-tourism activities that are undertaken by the rural and farming people should be monitored by the responsible authorities even on monthly basis to ensure the quality and sustainability of the practices and their products supplied to the visitors. On this basis, special certificates and awards could be offered for the top-ranked agro-tourism practices to encourage the farming people to maintain the certified sustainable qualities of the industry. This kind of program could be initiated by SLTDA and Hotel Corporation incorporating the Department of Agriculture and Central Environmental Authority in Sri Lanka.

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Proposal for AGRO-ECOTOURISM PROJECT: An Illustration of Sri Lankan Ingenious Agricultural Heritage

The Project referred to as ‘BO-MIE’ is one of the major investment components functioning under the organization of Upalanka Investment (Pvt.) Ltd. Objectives of the project are: i. Development of an environment of eco-agro-cultural tourist potentiality through the broad spectrum of applications launched in the line of vision with conservation and restoration of existing natural and socio-cultural resources. ii. Development of the models to demonstrate indigenous and time-tested agro-eco systems, which was in existence in Sri Lanka and had been sustained with the long standing traditions and benefits to the eco- socio cultural life systems. iii. Exhibiting the characteristics of the combined holistic and diverse thinking which make the model- the created environment to be a part of Nature and a part of a socio-cultural fabric in association. The project area is located in Maradankadawala GN Division in the Horowpatana DS Division of Anuradhapura District. It is geographically situated in the DL1 low country dry zone. The total extent is about 18 acres. The mean annual rainfall is between 1,000 and 1,500 mm. The project area has rice fields, home gardens, natural forest and hena (chena) lands, small wewa and at present, it is not occupied by any human settlement.

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