timeline jose rizal travel map

15 Nov The Travels of Rizal

Disillusioned with how Filipinos in the Philippines were regarded as second-class citizens in institutions of learning and elsewhere, the National Hero Jose Rizal left the country in May 1882 to pursue further studies abroad. He enrolled in a course in medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid in Spain. In June 1883, he traveled to France to observe how medicine was being practiced there.

After his three-month sojourn in France, Rizal returned to Madrid and thought about publishing a book that exposed the colonial relationship of Spain and the Philippines. This idea was realized in March 1887, with the publication of the novel Noli Me Tangere in Germany.

Rizal was actively involved in the Propaganda movement, composed of Filipinos in Spain who sought to direct the attention of Spaniards to the concerns of the Spanish colony in the Philippines. He wrote articles for publications in Manila and abroad; convened with overseas Filipinos to discuss their duty to the country; and called on Spanish authorities to institute reforms in the Philippines, such as granting freedom of the press and Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes.

Rizal returned to Manila in August 1887, after five years in Europe. However, his homecoming was met by the friars’ furor over Noli Me Tangere . The Archbishop of Manila issued an order banning the possession and reading of the novel, an order that was later reinforced by the governor-general. Six months later, pressured by the Spanish authorities as well as by his family and friends to leave the country and avoid further persecution, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong.

From Hong Kong, Rizal traveled to Macau and Japan before going to America. Entering San Francisco, California, in April 1888, he visited the states of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Nebraska, Illinois, and New York. He jotted down his observations of the landscape in his diary.

Rizal arrived in England in May 1888. In August, he was admitted to the British Museum, where he copied Antonio de Morga’s massive study of the Philippines, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas , which Rizal later annotated for publication “as a gift to the Filipinos.” In the museum he devoted his time reading all the sources on Philippine history that he could find. He kept up his correspondence with various people, including his family, who were being oppressed by the Spanish religious landowners; the Filipino patriots in Spain; and his Austrian friend, Ferdinand Blumentritt, with whom he planned to form an association of Philippine scholars. From 1888 to 1890 he shuttled between London and Paris, where he wrote ethnographic and history-related studies, as well as political articles. He also frequently visited Spain, where he met with fellow Filipino intellectuals like Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, and Graciano Lopez-Jaena.

In March 1891, Rizal finished writing his second novel, El Filibusterism o, in France. He planned to publish the book in Belgium, but was financially hard up. His brother’s support from back home was delayed in coming, and he was scrimping on meals and expenses. Finally, in September 1890, El Filibusterismo was published in Ghent using donations from Rizal’s friends.

Meanwhile, a rivalry had ensued between Rizal and del Pilar over the leadership of the Asociación Hispano Filipino in Spain. Rizal decided to leave Europe to avoid the worsening rift between the Rizalistas and Pilaristas, and to help maintain unity among Filipino expatriates. After staying for some time in Hong Kong, where he practiced medicine and planned to build a “New Calamba” by relocating landless Filipinos to Borneo, Rizal came home to the Philippines in June 1892.

10 Comments

Jessa pepito

Hi ,good eve .can I use this information for my brother’s research?thank you ..

Filipinas Heritage Library

Sure. Please just cite accordingly. Thank you!

I think it was September 1891 when Jose Rizal published his second novel, El Filibusterismo. And also, thank you for the information! :)))

Edalyn Jude Egan

Hi, I was confused with the dates when he finished El Filibusterismo. It was stated that he finished it in March 1891, but it was published in September 1890? Is it also 1891? Thank you!

Greggo Dela Cruz

Good day can I use this info for my module?

Roel Camaso

hello! can I use this information for my subject research?

Raquel tacay

Can i get some of the information here for my assignment.?

Beverly Anos

Can i view Rizal’s sojourn abroad?

Can I have a research on rizal’s sojourn abroad?

Jessica ongog

Hi good afternoon ca i ask you a question about the comment of Jose Rizal in europe

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Rizal as first global Pinoy: An interactive travel log

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TIME TRAVEL OF JOSE RIZAL (1882 -1892

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Advent of a National Hero Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines and pride of the Malayan race, was born on June 19, 1861, in the town of Calamba, Laguna. He was the seventh child in a family of 11 children (2 boys and 9 girls). Both his parents were educated and belonged to distinguished families. His father, Francisco Mercado Rizal, an industrious farmer whom Rizal called "a model of fathers," came from Biñan, Laguna; while his mother, Teodora Alonzo y Quintos, a highly cultured and accomplished woman whom Rizal called "loving and prudent mother," was born in Meisic, Sta. Cruz, Manila. At the age of 3, he learned the alphabet from his mother; at 5, while learning to read and write, he already showed inclinations to be an artist. He astounded his family and relatives by his pencil drawings and sketches and by his moldings of clay. At the age 8, he wrote a Tagalog poem, "Sa Aking Mga Kabata," the theme of which revolves on the love of one's language. In 1877, at the age of 16, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree with an average of "excellent" from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila. In the same year, he enrolled in Philosophy and Letters at the University of Santo Tomas, while at the same time took courses leading to the degree of surveyor and expert assessor at the Ateneo. He finished the latter course on March 21, 1877 and passed the Surveyor's examination on May 21, 1878; but because of his age, 17, he was not granted license to practice the profession until December 30, 1881. In 1878, he enrolled in medicine at the University of Santo Tomas but had to stop in his studies when he felt that the Filipino students were being discriminated upon by their Dominican tutors. CHAPTER 2 Childhood Years in Calamba Jose Rizal, like many Filipino boys, had many beautiful memories of childhood. His was a happy home, filled with parental affection, impregnated with family joys, and sanctified by prayers. In the midst of sue peaceful, refined, God-loving family, he spent the early years of his childhood. The beauties of Calamba impressed him as a growing child and deeply influenced his mind and character. The happiest period of his life was truly his childhood days in his natal town.

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Growing up under Spanish rule, his early life, as depicted by Guerrero, sheds light on the challenges faced by his fellow Filipinos. He was the seventh child of Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro and Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda y Quintos. Raised in a family belonging to the affluent principalia class, Rizal received his initial education from his mother, Teodora, who instilled in him the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic. In 1872, at the age of 11, Rizal continued his education at the Ateneo de Manila, a Jesuit school in Manila, where he excelled in his studies and demonstrated proficiency in various subjects. Despite his academic achievements, Rizal faced family troubles when his mother was unjustly imprisoned in 1871. This incident fueled Rizal's passion for justice and social reforms. In 1877, he enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas to study medicine but became disenchanted with the discrimination against Filipino students. This led him to transfer to the Universidad Central de Madrid in Spain, where he completed degrees in medicine and philosophy and letters. Rizal's experiences in Spain, where he became actively involved in the reform movement, significantly shaped his perspectives and convictions, laying the groundwork for his pivotal role as a national hero and advocate for Philippine independence. José Rizal's early years were marked not only by academic excellence but also by exposure to the cultural and intellectual influences of his environment. His family background in Calamba exposed him to the customs and traditions of the local community, fostering a deep sense of identity and pride in his Filipino heritage. Furthermore, his mother, Teodora, a well-educated woman, played a pivotal role in shaping his character and intellectual curiosity. During his time at the Ateneo de Manila, Rizal not only excelled in academics but also showcased his talents in various extracurricular activities. He was proficient in art, literature, and languages, setting the stage for his future roles as a writer and nationalist. Additionally, the social and political atmosphere in the Philippines during that period, marked by unrest and discontent, likely influenced Rizal's growing awareness of the need for reforms in the country. The family's ordeal with Teodora's imprisonment left an indelible mark on Rizal, strengthening his resolve to fight against injustice and advocate for social change. This early exposure to the flaws in the colonial system fueled his commitment to addressing the social issues plaguing his homeland. Rizal's decision to pursue higher education in Spain was a significant turning point. The move allowed him not only to expand his academic horizons but also to immerse himself in European culture and philosophy. His experiences in Madrid broadened his perspectives, and he became increasingly involved in the reform movement, collaborating with fellow Filipinos seeking political change and equal rights for their

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Jose rizal – an intrepid traveller and national hero.

Jose Rizal (June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896) was considered somewhat of a Renaissance man. Possessing an indistinguishable burning desire to learn, Rizal was fluent in many languages, a capable artist, published author and medical practitioner.

How could one man achieve so much? And all by the age of 33 when, by rifle fire, his life was cut short. One key factor to Jose Rizal’s successful pursuit of knowledge, understanding and his consequential insights was travel.

Starting out as a young medical student, Rizal left his Philippine homeland to study in Madrid, then France and later Germany. While learning his occupational craft, he became fluent in French and German (he was already fluent in Spanish due to the Philippines being a colony of Spain at this time) – bonus skills as a result of travelling outside of his usual geographical boundaries. Through the influential people he met and befriended due to his travelling, Rizal not only became fluent in 22 languages, but he was able to use this skill for the betterment of humanity. He would bring strangers together by speaking to them in their native French, German, Italian or English – “I speak with everybody and at times I serve them as interpreter,” he wrote. He had a lasting impact on the Tagalog language, the native language of his beloved Philippines, through devising a new orthography to “help simplify and systematize its writing.”

One of his friends, an Austrian scholar whom he exchanged reference books and connections with, wrote that Rizal, “can become for your people (the Philippine people) one of those great men who will exert a definite influence on their spiritual development.”

Rizal’s friend was right. Because he travelled with a sense of purpose and duty, Rizal was able to use the fertile intellectual spaces of the places he travelled to gain knowledge and insight about his homeland and how to better deal with the situation there. Taking a step back, he was able to gain a perspective that he would otherwise not have possessed. Travel was arguably a significant, if not crucial, factor in making him an effective thinker and communicator. Through novels that he wrote while still overseas, influenced by the interesting mix of people and ideas of an industrialising Europe, he articulately expressed the major problems faced by the Philippines, still under the thumb of Spanish colonial rule. Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo remain influential and relevant to this day, still read and analysed by Philippine students – still influencing their spiritual development.      

After travelling through Macau, Japan and America, he arrived in London. Availing of the British Museum, Rizal was able to write a comprehensive history of the Philippine islands before the occupation of Spain. It was his gift to the Filipino people, one that could facilitate their freedom through knowing their previous rich sovereignty. Travelling, in addition to increasing our knowledge and wisdom, brings a natural urge to share what we have discovered and learned – it makes us more generous.

The power of Rizal’s insights, perspectives, understanding, skills and knowledge gained through his travels proved too threatening to the Spanish ruling class in the Philippines. Upon his return, he was declared an enemy of the state for publishing his novels and exiled to Dapitan in the far South. He spent four years there, using the time to build a school, a hospital, a water supply system and to teach farming and horticulture.

Those four years also cultivated a separate rebellion group, although Rizal would be incorporated and implicated with their actions (considered treason) due to his known and influential ideas through his written works. Rizal would eventually be arrested, tried and convicted for rebellion, sedition and conspiracy. On December 30, 1896, he was executed by firing squad.

Considered to be his final work, Rizal penned Mi Ultimo Adios while imprisoned in Fort Santiago during the days leading up to his execution. From the heart and soul of a man about to make his last departure, its many verses are exquisitely written and a beautiful love letter to his most beloved corner of the planet – the Philippines.

"My lifelong dream, my deep burning desire, Is for this soul that will soon depart to cry out: Salud! To your health! Oh how beautiful to fall to give you flight, To die to give you life, to rest under your sky, And in your enchanted land forever sleep"

 Salud, tagay , to Jose Rizal, to the Philippines and to the power of travel.

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Rizal Travel Time

Philippines 1882.

Rizal boarded the Salvadora with Antonio Rivera.

June 15 1882

Rizal arrived and stayed at Barcelona for 3 months.

Barcelona, Spain 1882

August 20, 1882

Rizal’s “Amor Patrio” was published.

Madrid, Spain 1882

September 2 1882

Rizal enrolled at the Universidad Central De Madrid.

Madrid, Spain 1884

June 21 1884

Rizal finished his degree Licentiate in Medicine.

Germany 1887

March 21 1887

copies of Noli Me Tangere went of the press.

Manila Philippines 1887

August 30 1887

Possession and reading of Noli Me Tangere was prohibited.

Biaritz France 1891

March 21 1891

Rizal finished writing El Filibusterismo.

Paris France 1891

October 3 1891

Rizal sent a letter with 600 copies of the El Filibusterismo, to Jose Ma. Basa in Hongkong saying that he was definitely taking the next trip of the Melbourne for Hong Kong from Marseilles.

Philippines 1892

June 26 1892

Rizal arrived in the Philippines using the boat Don Juan.

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San Jose Sharks | Sharks coaching search: Seven names, young and…

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San Jose Sharks

San jose sharks | sharks coaching search: seven names, young and (older), to ponder in san jose, nhl mike grier figures to cast a wide net as he searches for the san jose sharks’ next head coach.

The San Jose Sharks are starting a coaching search for the second time in three years after the organization fired David Quinn after just two seasons.

While Quinn was considered the favorite to get the job in July 2022, shortly after Mike Grier was named the team’s general manager, there does not appear to be a similar obvious choice this time.

Instead, it seems Grier will cast a wide net when it comes to finding the Sharks’ next coach.

“We’re building a list of candidates we’d like to speak to,” Grier said Wednesday, roughly an hour after Quinn’s dismissal was announced. “I don’t really have a hard timeline. This is a tough day and a tough week. … We’ll start getting into it as the week goes on, but I don’t have any hard timelines and when it will get done.”

NHL or professional coaching experience is a good thing, Grier said. But he also did not want to rule out any other candidate who could come in and impress him or owner Hasso Plattner.

“I’m not going to rule out anything or anyone if a candidate comes up that blew us away,” Grier said. “At the same time, someone who’s had some sort of time or experience in the NHL, or pro hockey, would be beneficial.

“But I don’t want to rule anyone out if there’s someone that we come across that we’d like to speak to.”

The successful candidate would need to possess certain traits Grier and the Sharks hold dear at this stage of the team’s rebuild. That might include implementing a tighter defensive system or creating a less comfortable atmosphere around the team.

“Meeting with the players and reviewing the season, I think I have an idea of what they’re looking for, what they need and what I think they need,” Grier said. “But I think I’ll keep that internal for now.”

Here are seven names, in alphabetical order, to become the Sharks’ next head coach.

CRAIG BERUBE:  Berube, 58, figures to gain some interest this offseason as a Stanley Cup-winning coach. He helped turn around St. Louis’ season in 2018-19 before the Blues went on to win the franchise’s first championship.

Berube has a demanding style, and if Grier views him as a candidate for the Sharks’ job, he’ll have to determine whether the former enforcer is the right guy for this stage of the team’s rebuild. But there’s little doubt that Berube gets results, as his teams have had an above .500 points percentage in six of his seven seasons as a coach with the Blues and Philadelphia Flyers.

Berube and Grier seem to share an interest in big-boy hockey. In his NHL career, Berube had 3,149 penalty minutes in 1,054 games.

DAVID CARLE:  If NHL coaching experience is not a prerequisite for the Sharks’ job, perhaps Carle, 34, will be considered. He’s run a successful program at the University of Denver for six years, and the Pioneers just won the NCAA Division I national championship.

Grier could be open-minded about hiring a college coach, given his background. Carle is considered one of the game’s bright young minds, and he could grow into the role of the Sharks’ coach alongside a rebuilding team. But hiring anyone without pro experience is a risky proposition, and if it fails and the Sharks need to look for another coach in two years, then Grier himself might be on thin ice.

DEAN EVASON: An original Shark, Evason, 59, was fired as the Minnesota Wild’s coach earlier this season after the team got off to a 5-10-4 start. Prior to that, though, Evason had a 142-67-23 record in Minnesota, leading the Wild to three straight playoff appearances, although the team failed to advance past the first round.

Evason also has experience dealing with younger players from his experience as the Milwaukee Admirals’ head coach from 2012 to 2018. He also has a history with a handful of Sharks players, including Mikael Granlund, Luke Kunin, Nico Sturm, and Calen Addison.

If the Sharks are looking for a departure from Quinn’s more easy-going style, they’ll find it in the intense Evason, who had 1,002 penalty minutes in 803 career NHL games. From 1991 to 1993 with the Sharks, Evason had 57 points and 231 penalty minutes.

GERARD GALLANT:  If we’re going with the connections route, perhaps Gallant, 60, is a name to watch in San Jose. He became the Rangers’ head coach in 2021-2022, shortly after the team named Grier hockey operations adviser. They only spent one season together in New York before Grier was named the Sharks’ GM.

Gallant had winning records as a head coach with the Rangers, Vegas Golden Knights, and Florida Panthers. But is he a fit for the Sharks, given that the team is at least two years, and quite possibly more, from being a playoff contender?

MITCH LOVE: Love, 39, was in the mix for the Calgary Flames’ head coaching position last offseason before he ultimately joined the Washington Capitals as an assistant on Spencer Carbury’s staff. The one knock was that he lacked NHL coaching experience. He has that now.

Love was a successful coach in the WHL for three seasons from 2018 to 2021 before he was named coach of the Flames’ AHL affiliate. In two years, his teams went a combined 96-33-11, and he was named the AHL’s Coach of the Year both seasons.

Love would be a bold choice for Grier, but perhaps he’s the right one at this stage of the Sharks’ rebuild.

ALAIN NASREDDINE: Nasreddine, 48, might be ready to become a full-time NHL head coach for the first time. He has nine years of experience as an NHL assistant coach and is now in his second season as an assistant on Pete DeBoer’s staff in Dallas.

A no-frills defenseman during a 15-year pro career, Nasreddine has a history with Grier, as the two were on John Hynes’ staff for two seasons in New Jersey. Grier would easily surmise whether Nasreddine is the right guy for right now.

Perhaps Nasreddine’s only drawback is that he has limited experience as a head coach at the pro level. His only bench boss experience came in 2019-2020 as an interim head coach. After Hynes was fired after 26 games that season, Nasreddine took over and had a 19-16-8 record down the stretch.

JAY WOODCROFT: Woodcroft, 47, and Grier overlapped in San Jose by a year in 2008-09. Woodcroft was an assistant on Todd McLellan’s staff while Grier was in the final year of his three-year contract with the Sharks.

Woodcroft has 10 years as an NHL assistant coach, four years as an AHL head coach, and 120 games as an NHL head coach, having led the Edmonton Oilers from Feb. 2022 to Nov. 2023.

Marc-Edouard Vlasic and Logan Couture are the two Sharks players coached by Woodcroft, who no doubt learned from working in a hockey-mad market like Edmonton. Is his style, though, enough of a departure from Quinn’s?

OTHER NAMES: Joel Ward, 43 (11-year NHL career as a player, Sharks player from 2015-2018, three years as AHL assistant in Henderson, in his first year as NHL assistant with Vegas); Marco Sturm, 45 (14-year NHL career as a player, Sharks player from 1997-2005, four years as NHL assistant in Los Angeles, in his second year as AHL head coach in Ontario).

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